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GBM12 cells were treated with vehicle or OSU-03012 (2 μM); sorafenib (2 μM); regorafenib (2 μM); pazopanib (2 μM); AR-13 (2 μM); celecoxib (2 μM) for 2 h. Cells were fixed in place and permeabilized using 0.5% Triton X100. Immuno-fluorescence was performed to detect the expression levels of HSP90, GRP78 and HSP27, using antibodies that recognize epitopes in the NH2-terminus; COOH-terminus; and in the middle of the proteins.
