Table 2. Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with OS and TTR of HCC (n = 374).
| Variable | OS | TTR | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Univariate analysis | ||||||
| OPN (High vs. Low) | 1.54 | 1.16–2.06 | 0.003 | 1.51 | 1.12–2.03 | 0.007 |
| Vimentin (High vs. Low) | 1.40 | 1.05–1.87 | 0.021 | 1.58 | 1.18–2.13 | 0.002 |
| Sex (female vs. male) | 1.04 | 0.72–1.50 | 0.848 | 1.08 | 0.73–1.59 | 0.710 |
| Age, years (> 50 vs. ≤ 50) | 1.19 | 0.90–1.59 | 0.226 | 1.09 | 0.81–1.46 | 0.563 |
| ALT (> 75 vs. ≤ 75 U/L) | 1.20 | 0.77–1.85 | 0.418 | 1.00 | 0.62–1.61 | 0.993 |
| AFP, ng/mL (> 20 vs. ≤ 20) | 1.60 | 1.18–2.18 | 0.003 | 1.41 | 1.03–1.91 | 0.030 |
| Liver cirrhosis (yes vs. no) | 1.33 | 0.81–2.19 | 0.263 | 1.48 | 0.88–2.47 | 0.138 |
| HBsAg (positive vs. negative) | 1.61 | 0.85–3.05 | 0.142 | 3.42 | 1.41–8.32 | 0.007 |
| Tumor size, cm (> 5 vs. ≤ 5) | 1.63 | 1.18–2.26 | 0.003 | 1.49 | 1.06–2.11 | 0.023 |
| Tumor number (multiple vs. single) | 1.98 | 1.13–3.49 | 0.017 | 1.26 | 0.64–2.47 | 0.500 |
| Tumor capsule (none vs. complete) | 1.41 | 1.06–1.88 | 0.017 | 1.32 | 0.99–1.77 | 0.062 |
| Vascular invasion (yes vs. no) | 1.99 | 1.49–2.67 | < 0.001 | 1.65 | 1.21–2.26 | 0.002 |
| BCLC stage (B and C vs. 0 and A) | 1.81 | 1.27–2.58 | 0.001 | 1.47 | 1.04–2.07 | 0.029 |
| Tumor differentiation (III∼IV vs. I∼II) | 1.54 | 1.12–2.10 | 0.007 | 1.42 | 1.02–1.97 | 0.038 |
| Combination of OPN and vimentin | 0.005 | 0.002 | ||||
| II vs. I | 1.30 | 0.87–1.95 | 0.182 | 1.15 | 0.75–1.77 | 0.514 |
| III vs. I | 1.08 | 0.69–1.68 | 0.572 | 1.06 | 0.68–1.67 | 0.789 |
| IV vs. I | 1.86 | 1.29–2.68 | 0.001 | 1.94 | 1.33–2.83 | 0.001 |
| Multivariate analysisa | ||||||
| OPN (High vs. Low) | 1.42 | 1.05–1.93 | 0.023 | 1.39 | 1.02–1.90 | 0.037 |
| Vimentin (High vs. Low) | 1.29 | 0.95–1.73 | 0.101 | 1.51 | 1.11–2.05 | 0.010 |
| AFP, ng/mL (> 20 vs. ≤ 20) | 1.39 | 1.01–1.92 | 0.042 | 1.22 | 0.89–1.69 | 0.216 |
| Tumor size, cm (> 5 vs. ≤ 5) | 1.43 | 1.01–2.03 | 0.042 | 1.37 | 0.95–1.99 | 0.093 |
| Vascular invasion (yes vs. no) | 1.52 | 1.09–2.11 | 0.013 | 1.39 | 0.98–1.98 | 0.067 |
| BCLC stage (B and C vs. 0 and A) | 1.41 | 0.94–2.12 | 0.097 | 1.24 | 0.84–1.84 | 0.282 |
| Tumor differentiation (III∼IV vs. I∼II) | 1.15 | 0.82–1.60 | 0.422 | 1.05 | 0.74–1.50 | 0.781 |
| Multivariate analysisb | ||||||
| AFP, ng/mL (> 20 vs. ≤ 20) | 1.40 | 1.02–1.93 | 0.036 | 1.25 | 0.91–1.72 | 0.177 |
| Tumor size, cm (> 5 vs. ≤ 5) | 1.42 | 1.00–2.01 | 0.049 | 1.34 | 0.93–1.95 | 0.121 |
| Vascular invasion (yes vs. no) | 1.51 | 1.09–2.11 | 0.014 | 1.39 | 0.97–1.97 | 0.070 |
| BCLC stage (B and C vs. 0 and A) | 1.41 | 0.94–2.12 | 0.101 | 1.23 | 0.83–1.82 | 0.313 |
| Tumor differentiation (III∼IV vs. I∼II) | 1.14 | 0.82–1.60 | 0.435 | 1.05 | 0.74–1.50 | 0.794 |
| Combination of OPN and vimentin | 0.029 | 0.007 | ||||
| II vs. I | 1.36 | 0.90–2.05 | 0.148 | 1.18 | 0.77–1.82 | 0.448 |
| III vs. I | 1.15 | 0.73–1.80 | 0.545 | 1.11 | 0.70–1.76 | 0.655 |
| IV vs. I | 1.78 | 1.20–2.63 | 0.004 | 1.91 | 1.28–2.85 | 0.002 |
Univariate analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression; Multivariate analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression; Variables were adopted in multivariate analysis for their prognostic significance by univariate analysis.
A “low” versus “high” OPN and vimentin expression was defined according to the cut-off values of OPN and vimentin level which were defined as the median of the cohort.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; OS, overall survival; TTR, time to recurrence.
I, Low-OPN and Low-vimentin; II, high-OPN and low-vimentin; III, low-OPN and high-vimentin; IV, High-OPN and High-vimentin.
Multivariate analysis of OPN, vimentin, AFP, Tumor size, Vascular invasion, BCLC stage and Tumor differentiation.
Multivariate analysis of Combination OPN and vimentin, AFP, Tumor size, Vascular invasion, BCLC stage and Tumor differentiation.