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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 20.
Published in final edited form as: J Ultrasound Med. 2015 Mar;34(3):495–505. doi: 10.7863/ultra.34.3.495

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A, Normal testicular anatomy. The tunica vaginalis (light blue-green) normally covers the testicle and epididymis except posterolaterally, where it attaches to the testis on either side of the epididymis. B, Bell clapper deformity. The tunica vaginalis (light blue-green) completely encases the testis, epididymis, and distal spermatic cord and has an abnormally high attachment onto the spermatic cord. C, Extravaginal testicular torsion. The tunica vaginalis and its contents twist together around the axis of the spermatic cord. D, Intravaginal testicular torsion. The testis, epididymis, and spermatic cord rotate within the tunica vaginalis. Illustrations created by Andrew Phelps, MD, using Photoshop (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA).