6. Summary of treatment outcomes: treatment retention.
| Study | Intended number of sessions | Intended treatment duration, weeks | Treatment adherence, % | Completed sessions, mean ± SD |
| CBT | ||||
| Copeland 2001 | 1 | n/a | 87.8% attended | n/a |
| Copeland 2001 | 6 | 6 | 91% attended ≥ 1; 50% completed | 4.2 ± 2.2 |
| Carroll 2012 | 12 | 12 | 53.1% completed treatment | 5.9 ± 3.8* |
| Stephens 2000 | 14 | 14 | 50% attended 10 or more sessions including sessions 9 and 10 | 8.42 ± 3.51 |
| CBT + CM‐abs | ||||
| Budney 2006 | 14 | 14 | 87% provided 3 or more urine specimens | 9.6 ± 4.9 |
| Carroll 2012 | 12 | 12 | 47.2% completed treatment | 5.9 ± 3.8* |
| CBT + CM‐adh | ||||
| Budney 2006 | 14 | 14 | 87% provided 3 or more urine specimens | 8.8 ± 5.0 |
| Carroll 2012 | 12 | 12 | 59.4% completed treatment | 5.9 ± 3.8* |
| MET | ||||
| Budney 2000 | 4 | 14 | 45% completed ≥ 1 session and provided ≥ 1 urine specimen during the final 2 weeks of treatment | ‐ |
| Stein 2011 | 2 | 4 | 80.4% completed treatment | 1.7 ± 0.6 |
| MTPRG 2004 | 2 | 6 | 71.9% completed treatment | 1.6 |
| Stephens 2007 | 1 | 7 | 88.7% completed treatment | ‐ |
| MET + CBT | ||||
| MTPRG 2004 | 9 | 12 | 47% completed treatment | 6.5 |
| Bernstein 2009 | 2 | 56 | 100% completed ≥ 1 session | ‐ |
| Jungerman 2007 | 4 | 4 | 85.7% completed treatment | ‐ |
| Jungerman 2007 | 4 | 12 | 67.3% completed treatment | ‐ |
| Kadden 2007 | 9 | 9 | ‐ | 4.9 ± 3.3 |
| Carroll 2006 | 8 | 8 | 66.7% completed treatment | ‐ |
| Hoch 2012 | 10 | 5‐8 | 87.8% completed treatment | 7 |
| Hoch 2014 | 10 | 8‐12 | 65.1% completed treatment | |
| Madigan 2013 | 13 | 18 | 54.2% “declined the intervention” | ‐ |
| Budney 2000 | 14 | 14 | 65% completed ≥ 1 session | |
| MET + CBT + CM‐abs | ||||
| Budney 2000 | 14 | 14 | 55% completed ≥ 1 session | ‐ |
| Litt 2013 | 9 | 9 | ‐ | 5.5 ± 3.8 |
| Kadden 2007 | 9 | 9 | ‐ | 5.6 ± 3.6 |
| MET + CBT + CM‐adh | ||||
| Litt 2013 | 9 | 9 | ‐ | 5.7 ± 3.5 |
| MET + CBT + CM‐abs + CM‐adh | ||||
| Carroll 2006 | 8 | 8 | 69.7% completed treatment | 5.1 ± 2.5 |
| DC | ||||
| Carroll 2006 | 8 | 8 | 39.4% completed treatment | ‐ |
| Edwards 2006 | 10 | 12 | ‐ | 7.6 ± 2.8 |
| Drug‐related health education | ||||
| Stephens 2007 | 1 | 7 | 93.5% completed treatment | ‐ |
| DC + CM‐abs + CM‐adh | ||||
| Carroll 2006 | 8 | 8 | 63.7% completed treatment | ‐ |
| MM | ||||
| de Dios 2012 | 2 | 2 | 72.7% completed treatment | |
| RP | ||||
| Roffman 1988 | 10 | 12 | 87.8% received ≥ 4 sessions | 7.54* |
| Stephens 1994 | 14 | 18 | 69% attended 7 or more sessions* | 7.6 ± 2.5* |
| SS | ||||
| Roffman 1988 | 10 | 12 | 73.2% received ≥ 4 sessions | 7.54* |
| Stephens 1994 | 14 | 18 | 69% attended 7 or more sessions* | 7.6 ± 2.5* |
| CM‐abs | ||||
| Budney 2006 | 12 | 12 | 83% provided 3 or more urine specimens | ‐ |
| Carroll 2012 | 12 | 12 | 59.3% completed treatment | ‐ |
| Kadden 2007 | 9 | 9 | ‐ | 5.5 ± 3.8 |
* These data were reported as a total sample only, although no between‐group differences were noted across interventions
CBT: Cognitive‐behavioural therapy
CM‐abs: Contingency management with vouchers presented for negative urine
CM‐adh: Contingency management with vouchers presented for treatment attendance/adherence
DC: Drug counselling
DTC: Delayed treatment control
MET: Motivational enhancement therapy
MM: Mindfulness meditation
RP: Relapse prevention
SS: Social support