Table 1.
Sample Sociodemographic Characteristics by Chronic Condition Status
| Total | Any condition | No condition | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (unweighted) | 2,719 | 1,701 | 1,018 | |
| Total % (weighted) | 64.3% | 35.7% | ||
| Mean age at diagnosis (SD) | - | 9.93 (5.13) | - | - |
| Child’s age in 1997 (SD) | 7.25 (3.30) | 7.39 (3.17) | 6.98 (3.52) | 0.019 |
| Sex | 0.001 | |||
| Male | 49.9% | 52.7% | 44.8% | |
| Female | 50.1% | 47.3% | 55.2% | |
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.121 | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 57.7% | 58.6% | 56.1% | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 14.9% | 14.3% | 15.9% | |
| Asian, non-Hispanic | 3.2% | 2.6% | 4.4% | |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 6.9% | 7.7% | 5.4% | |
| Hispanic | 17.3% | 16.8% | 18.2% | |
| Prenatal WIC/AFDC participation | 0.023 | |||
| Yes | 30.6% | 32.5% | 27.1% | |
| No | 69.4% | 67.5% | 72.9% | |
| Parent’s marital status in 1997 | 0.047 | |||
| Two parent household | 76.9% | 75.5% | 79.6% | |
| Single parent household | 23.1% | 24.5% | 20.4% | |
| Parental education | 0.325 | |||
| Less than high school | 12.6% | 11.6% | 14.6% | |
| High school degree | 24.8% | 24.9% | 24.5% | |
| Some college | 22.0% | 22.3% | 21.5% | |
| College grad or more | 40.6% | 41.2% | 39.3% | |
| Psychological distress (SD) | 4.55 (2.73) | 4.88 (2.76) | 3.96 (2.54) | <0.0001 |
| Substance use | ||||
| Lifetime use of any substance | 74.7% | 77.0% | 70.5% | 0.004 |
| Use of one substance | 21.6% | 21.0% | 22.6% | |
| Use of two substances | 20.0% | 20.7% | 18.7% | 0.014 |
| Use of three substances | 33.1% | 35.3% | 29.2% | |
| Heavier use of any substance | 47.7% | 51.7% | 40.4% | <0.001 |
| Heavier use of one substance | 20.4% | 21.2% | 19.1% | |
| Heavier use of two substances | 16.6% | 17.8% | 14.4% | <0.001 |
| Heavier use of three substances | 10.7% | 12.8% | 6.9% | |
| Mean age of initiation (SD) | ||||
| Any alcohol use | 17.49 (3.51) | 17.99 (3.33) | 16.80 (3.65) | <0.001 |
| Any tobacco use | 15.73 (2.69) | 15.88 (2.62) | 15.54 (2.76) | 0.073 |
| Any marijuana use | 15.32 (2.73) | 15.39 (2.67) | 15.24 (2.79) | 0.386 |
Unweighted Ns and weighted percentages and means (SDs) are presented.
Chronic conditions include: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; asthma; autism; birth defects; breathing problems; cancer; chronic hypertension; diabetes; digestive problems; emotional or psychological problems; epilepsy; heart conditions; kidney disease; learning disability or developmental delays; migraines; orthopedic conditions; sickle cell anemia; skin disease; hearing, speech, or visual impairments; and other conditions.
WID/AFDC - Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) programs
Mean Kessler 6 score from administrations during ages 12–26. Higher scores indicate more distress.
Data are from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Child Development and Transition to Adulthood Supplements (2002–2011).