Table 1. Characteristics of Participants According to Dementia Status (N=7609).
| Characteristic | Probable Dementia | Possible Dementia (N=996) | No Dementia (N=5575) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Reported Diagnosis (N=457) | No Reported Diagnosis (N=581) | |||
|
|
||||
| Age, n (%) | ||||
| 65-69 | 13 (2.8) | 42 (7.2) | 92 (9.2) | 1262 (22.6) |
| 70-74 | 32 (7) | 52 (9) | 170 (17.1) | 1325 (23.8) |
| 75-79 | 76 (16.6) | 96 (16.5) | 185 (18.6) | 1156 (20.7) |
| 80-84 | 106 (23.2) | 134 (23.1) | 249 (25) | 1016 (18.2) |
| 85-89 | 130 (28.5) | 118 (20.3) | 174 (17.5) | 531 (9.5) |
| 90+ | 100 (21.2) | 139 (23.9) | 126 (12.7) | 285 (5.1) |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 304 (66.5) | 349 (60.1) | 530 (53.2) | 3255 (58.4) |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| White | 260 (56.9) | 304 (52.3) | 583 (58.5) | 4039 (72.5) |
| Black | 129 (28.2) | 180 (31) | 265 (26.6) | 1088 (19.5) |
| Hispanic | 44 (9.6) | 60 (10.3) | 91 (9.1) | 259 (4.7) |
| Other or >1 | 14 (3.1) | 29 (5) | 44 (4.4) | 138 (2.5) |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||
| Married | 157 (34.4) | 187 (32.3) | 394 (39.6) | 2909 (52.2) |
| Living with partner | 7 (1.5) | 5 (0.9) | 19 (1.9) | 120 (2.2) |
| Separated/Divorced | 40 (8.8) | 57 (9.8) | 122 (12.3) | 705 (12.7) |
| Widowed | 230 (50.4) | 283 (48.9) | 419 (42.1) | 1646 (29.6) |
| Never Married | 22 (4.8) | 47 (8.1) | 41 (4.1) | 190 (3.4) |
| Number of living children, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 38 (8.3) | 79 (13.6) | 106 (10.6) | 497 (8.9) |
| 1 | 70 (15.3) | 80 (13.8) | 132 (13.3) | 684 (12.3) |
| 2 | 99 (21.7) | 123 (21.2) | 231 (23.2) | 1412 (25.3) |
| 3 | 78 (17.1) | 112 (19.3) | 194 (19.5) | 1234 (22.1) |
| 4+ | 172 (37.6) | 187 (32.2) | 333 (33.4) | 1748 (31.4) |
| Highest level of education, n (%) | ||||
| < 8th grade | 107 (23.4) | 210 (36.1) | 237 (23.8) | 435 (7.8) |
| 9th-12th grade (no diploma) | 80 (17.5) | 104 (17.9) | 188 (18.9) | 686 (12.3) |
| High school graduate | 126 (27.6) | 130 (22.4) | 244 (24.5) | 1569 (28.1) |
| Some college or trade school | 94 (20.6) | 87 (15) | 183 (18.4) | 1550 (27.8) |
| Bachelor's degree | 29 (6.4) | 34 (5.9) | 83 (8.3) | 717 (12.9) |
| Masters, Professional or Doctoral degree | 21 (4.6) | 16 (2.8) | 61 (6.1) | 618 (11.1) |
| Income, n (%) | ||||
| 0-9,999 | 65 (27) | 87 (31.4) | 133 (25.2) | 358 (11.2) |
| 10,000-24,999 | 105 (43.6) | 131 (47.3) | 207 (39.3) | 926 (28.9) |
| 25,000-49,999 | 48 (19.9) | 44 (15.9) | 113 (21.4) | 879 (27.5) |
| 50,000-99,999 | 15 (6.2) | 13 (4.7) | 51 (9.7) | 714 (22.3) |
| 100,000+ | 8 (3.3) | 2 (0.7) | 23 (4.4) | 325 (10.2) |
| Residence Type, n (%) | ||||
| Private residence | 369 (80.7) | 465 (80) | 842 (84.5) | 4955 (88.8) |
| Retirement community | 29 (6.4) | 50 (8.6) | 81 (8.1) | 410 (7.4) |
| Assisted living, CCRC, or group home | 59 (12.9) | 66 (11.4) | 73 (7.3) | 210 (3.8) |
| Overall health status, n (%) | ||||
| Excellent | 22 (4.8) | 34 (5.9) | 79 (8) | 803 (14.4) |
| Very Good | 72 (15.8) | 95 (16.4) | 222 (22.3) | 1640 (29.4) |
| Good | 129 (28.2) | 172 (29.7) | 312 (31.4) | 1813 (32.5) |
| Fair | 133 (29.1) | 174 (30.1) | 278 (28) | 1022 (18.3) |
| Poor | 101 (22.1) | 104 (18) | 103 (10.4) | 295 (5.3) |
| Chronic diseases, n (%) | ||||
| Myocardial infarction | 101 (22.1) | 112 (19.3) | 200 (20.1) | 751 (13.5) |
| Coronary artery disease | 126 (27.7) | 131 (22.7) | 201 (20.2) | 953 (17.1) |
| Hypertension | 330 (72.4) | 366 (63.3) | 682 (68.5) | 3730 (67) |
| Arthritis | 305 (66.7) | 332 (57.2) | 558 (56.1) | 3053 (54.9) |
| Osteoporosis | 135 (29.6) | 115 (20) | 157 (15.8) | 1152 (20.7) |
| Diabetes | 121 (26.5) | 165 (28.5) | 304 (30.6) | 1335 (24) |
| Lung Disease | 77 (16.9) | 91 (15.7) | 142 (14.3) | 844 (15.2) |
| Stroke | 128 (28) | 111 (19.1) | 144 (14.5) | 509 (9.1) |
| Cancer | 113 (24.7) | 118 (20.3) | 255 (25.6) | 1467 (26.3) |
| Physical Impairment, n (%) | ||||
| Hearing or vision impairment | 187 (40.9) | 195 (33.6) | 171 (17.2) | 521 (9.4) |
| Activity-limiting pain symptoms | 206 (45.4) | 217 (37.5) | 288 (28.9) | 1567 (28.1) |
| Activity-limiting non-pain symptoms | 329 (72) | 354 (60.9) | 470 (47.2) | 2303 (41.3) |
| Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)a, mean (SD) | 2.66 (3.49) | 3.41 (3.52) | 6.11 (3.84) | 8.48 (3.36) |
CCRC = continuing care retirement community
SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery
SD = standard deviation
a
Score 0 to maximum 12.