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. 2016 Jun 21;7:71. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00071

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Copyright © 2016 Geraghty, Muroy, Kriegsfeld, Bentley and Kaufer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pituitary mRNA expression in female rats. (A–D) Gene expression changes in the pituitary at different age ranges through middle age. Young = 3-month regularly cycling females, 8-month-old reg. = 8-month-old females with regular estrous cycles, 10-month-old irreg. = 10-month-old females exhibiting irregular cycles, i.e., over 6–7 days rather than 4–5, and 12-month-old acyclic = 12-month-old rats that exhibit persistent estrous or diestrous over a period of more than 14 days. mRNA levels of all (mean ± SEM, N = 18/group for young and 8-month-old reg., N = 21 for 10-month-old irreg., and N = 12 for 12-month-old acyclic) were determined using qRT-PCR relative to the ribosomal reference gene RPLP. Estrous cycle staging was determined by inspection of daily vaginal smears (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).