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. 2016 Jun 21;7:956. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00956

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Copyright © 2016 Rassner, Anesio, Girdwood, Hell, Gokul, Whitworth and Edwards.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Mean viral decay rate k (h^-1) calculated from changes in virus-like particle (VLP) abundance over the course of 10 days incubation of either supraglacial stream water (gray bars) or proglacial lake water (white bars). (B) Changes in VLP abundance over 10 days of supraglacial stream water (dark symbols) and proglacial lake water (clear symbols) incubated in stream (Cold; diamonds) or lake (Warm; triangles). No effect of incubation temperature manipulation (by reciprocal transplant) is apparent, while the water source results in highly significant differences in k (Kruskal–Wallis: H = 22.93, p < 0.001). Error bars represent ±1 SD.