Table 3.
Results pertaining to Hypothesis 2. Means, standard deviations, and ANOVA results on the effect of memory condition on the average score of the negative emotions, guilt, and shame.
| Images | Evening meal | Positive meal | Overeating | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | F(2,707) | P | η2 | d∗ | |
| Average | ||||||||||
| Burning food | 4.72a | 2.17 | 4.90a | 2.13 | 4.92a | 2.20 | 0.67 | 0.511 | 0.01 | – |
| Chicken roast | 2.26a | 1.36 | 2.55ab | 1.70 | 2.64b | 1.70 | 3.57 | 0.029 | 0.01 | 0.24 |
| Junk food | 3.10a | 1.87 | 3.32a | 1.97 | 3.86b | 2.18 | 8.65 | 0.000 | 0.03 | 0.38/0.26 |
| Movie and popcorn | 2.66a | 1.62 | 2.86ab | 1.81 | 3.08b | 1.88 | 3.28 | 0.038 | 0.01 | 0.24 |
| Obese and fries | 4.59a | 2.20 | 4.88ab | 2.13 | 5.26b | 2.15 | 5.52 | 0.004 | 0.02 | 0.31 |
| Mixed salad | 2.20a | 1.45 | 2.67b | 1.89 | 2.48ab | 1.72 | 4.91 | 0.008 | 0.02 | 0.28 |
| Shame | ||||||||||
| Burning food | 4.74a | 3.30 | 4.92a | 3.34 | 4.90a | 3.27 | 0.226 | 0.797 | 0 | – |
| Chicken roast | 1.87a | 1.78 | 2.13a | 2.14 | 2.18a | 2.12 | 1.687 | 0.186 | 0 | – |
| Junk food | 3.38a | 2.91 | 3.66a | 2.90 | 4.36b | 3.25 | 6.334 | 0.002 | 0.02 | 0.32/0.23 |
| Movie and popcorn | 2.34a | 2.25 | 2.50a | 2.33 | 3.13b | 2.74 | 6.610 | 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.32/0.25 |
| Obese and fries | 5.44a | 3.41 | 6.00ab | 3.17 | 6.51b | 3.31 | 6.038 | 0.003 | 0.02 | 0.32 |
| Mixed salad | 1.79a | 1.55 | 2.23b | 2.14 | 2.11ab | 2.07 | 3.548 | 0.029 | 0.01 | 0.23 |
| Guilt | ||||||||||
| Burning food | 4.33a | 3.35 | 4.45a | 3.03 | 4.63a | 3.32 | 0.49 | 0.616 | 0 | – |
| Chicken roast | 1.85a | 1.68 | 2.24ab | 2.20 | 2.49b | 2.46 | 5.51 | 0.004 | 0.02 | 0.31 |
| Junk food | 4.40a | 3.12 | 4.42a | 3.03 | 5.39b | 3.41 | 7.07 | 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.31/0.30 |
| Movie and popcorn | 2.97a | 2.63 | 3.07ab | 2.70 | 3.60b | 3.02 | 3.31 | 0.037 | 0.01 | 0.22 |
| Obese and fries | 5.62a | 3.34 | 5.84a | 3.31 | 6.06a | 3.42 | 0.99 | 0.370 | 0 | – |
| Mixed salad | 2.06a | 1.98 | 2.26a | 2.26 | 2.34 a | 2.32 | 1.02 | 0.360 | 0 | – |
1 = “Not felt” and 10 = “Felt very strongly.” Means with differing letters within rows are significantly different at the P < 0.05 based on Tukey’s HSD paired comparisons. ∗Cohen’s d values are calculated between the significantly different means; when two values are shown, the first corresponds to the comparison evening meal vs. overeating, and the second one to the comparison positive meal vs. overeating. Sample sizes of conditions: evening meal N = 253; positive meal N = 247; overeating occasion N = 210.