Table 4.
Parameters for Economic Impact Model.
| Definition | Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contamination rates: | ||||
| Initial fraction of Tenera | 89.10% | |||
| Initial fraction of Dura | 8.10% | |||
| Initial fraction of Pisifera | 2.80% | |||
| Final fraction of Tenera | 100.00% | |||
| Final fraction of Dura | 0.00% | |||
| Final fraction of Pisifera | 0.00% | |||
| Plantation: | ||||
| Number of trees per hectare | 143 | |||
| Total planted area (in HA) | 5,392,235 | |||
| Fraction cultivated by Ind. smallholders | 15.00% | |||
| Total planted area of Ind. smallholders (in HA) | 808,835 | |||
| Age structure and productivity: | ||||
| Initial fraction of immature palms (age < 4) | 13.00% | |||
| Initial fraction of young palms (age 5–8) | 17.00% | |||
| Initial fraction of prime palms (age 9–18) | 35.00% | |||
| Initial fraction of aging palms (age 19–24) | 20.00% | |||
| Initial fraction of old palms (age 25–30) | 15.00% | |||
| Productivity – young palms (MT FFB/HA/YR)(D&T) | 15 | |||
| Productivity – prime palms (MT FFB/HA/YR)(D&T) | 23 | |||
| Productivity – aging palms (MT FFB/HA/YR)(D&T) | 17 | |||
| Productivity – old palms (MT FFB/HA/YR)(D&T) | 15 | |||
| Definition | Parameter | Value | ||
| Milling: | ||||
| CPO mill extraction efficiency | ECPO | 86.00% | ||
| PKO mill extraction efficiency | EPKO | 97.00% | ||
| Valuation: | ||||
| Initial CPO price (in RM) | PCPO | 2,869 | ||
| Initial PKO price (in RM) | PPKO | 3,781 | ||
| Initial PKC price (in RM) | PPKC | 370 | ||
| CPO price inflation rate | RI | 4.79% | ||
| Bond rate for Malaysia | RB | 3.55% | ||
| MY corporate income tax rate | Tax | 25.00% | ||
| MY econ multiplier (oil palm primary products) | M | 1.511 | ||
| Fruit composition (mass ratios): | ||||
| Tenera: fruit to bunch (Average) | PF/FFB(T)(Average) | 0.649 | ||
| Tenera: fruit to bunch (SD) | PF/FFB(T)(SD) | 0.041 | ||
| Dura: fruit to bunch (Average) | PF/FFB(D)(Average) | 0.612 | ||
| Dura: fruit to bunch (SD) | PF/FFB(D)(SD) | 0.038 | ||
| Tenera: mesocarp to fruit (Average) | Msc/PF(T)(Average) | 0.865 | ||
| Tenera: mesocarp to fruit (SD) | Msc/PF(T)(SD) | 0.027 | ||
| Dura: mesocarp to fruit (Average) | Msc/PF(D)(Average) | 0.612 | ||
| Dura: mesocarp to fruit (SD) | Msc/PF(D)(SD) | 0.026 | ||
| Tenera: shell to fruit (Average) | PKS/PF(T)(Average) | 0.07 | ||
| Tenera: shell to fruit (SD) | PKS/PF(T)(SD) | 0.008 | ||
| Dura: shell to fruit (Average) | PKS/PF(D)(Average) | 0.306 | ||
| Dura: shell to fruit (SD) | PKS/PF(D)(SD) | 0.026 | ||
| Tenera: kernel to fruit (Average) | PK/PF(T)(Average) | 0.065 | ||
| Tenera: kernel to fruit (SD) | PK/PF(T)(SD) | 0.005 | ||
| Dura: kernel to fruit (Average) | PK/PF(D)(Average) | 0.082 | ||
| Dura: kernel to fruit (SD) | PK/PF(D)(SD) | 0.01 | ||
| Tenera: CPO content of mesocarp (Average) | CPO/Msc(T)(Average) | 0.55 | ||
| Dura: CPO content of mesocarp (Average) | CPO/Msc(D)(Average) | 0.55 | ||
| Tenera: PKO content of kernel (Average) | PKO/PK(T)(Average) | 0.47 | ||
| Dura: PKO content of kernel (Average) | PKO/PK(D)(Average) | 0.47 | ||
MT, metric tons; FFB, fresh fruit bunch; HA, hectare; T, tenera; D, dura; CPO, crude palm oil; PKO, palm kernel oil; MY, Malaysia; PF, palm fruit; Msc, mesocarp; PKS, palm kernel shell; PK, palm kernel; PKC, palm kernel cake; RM, Malaysian Ringgit.