Table.

Oral Microbiome Changes due to Anticancer Therapy.

Reference	Study Population	Cancer Treatment	Time of Sample Collection	Sample Type	Findings
Belazi et al. (2004)	39 patients with head and neck cancer	RT	During	Swabs (lesion)	Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, and Candida kefyr were most common
Napenas et al. (2010)	9 patients with breast cancer	CT	Before/during	Buccal mucosa swabs	The total number of bacterial species per patient increased and a shift to a more complex oral bacterial was found during CTGemella haemolysans and Streptococcus mitis were the most predominant species
Sonalika et al. (2012)	61 patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 72 controls	RT	Before/after	Saliva	Significant increase in Candida spp. was promoted by RT Increase in Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp., and Klebsiella pneumonia contributed to exacerbation of mucositis
Panghal et al. (2012)	186 patients with squamous cell carcinoma	RT or CT or chemoRT	During	Oral swab blood	P. aeruginosa was isolated from the blood of RT patients and K. pneumonia was isolated from the oral cavity of CT patients.Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were observed in the blood of CT and chemoRT patients and in the oral cavity of patients undergoing RTC. albicans was the most significant oral cavity pathogen in RT and chemoRT casesAnaerobic species such as Parvimonasmicra, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, C. glabrata, and C. kefyr were also associated with ulcerative OM
Laheij et al. (2012)	49 patients with hematological malignancies	HSCT	Before/during	Oral rinse	Porphyromonas gingivalis was a prediction factor for OM
Hu et al. (2013)	8 patients with head and neck cancer	RT	Before/during	Dental plaque	4 phyla (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmecutes, and Proteobacteteria) and 11 genera (Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Veillonella, Capnocytophaga, Derxia, Neisseria, Rothia, Prevotella, Granulicatella, Luteococcus, and Gemella) were found in all subjects
Ames et al. (2012)	45 patients who underwent allogeneic transplantation	HSCT	Before/after	Saliva, dental plaque, buccal and tongue brush	Many common bacterial genera such as Streptococcus, Veillonella, Gemella, Granulicatella, and Campylobacter were identified as being present before and after transplantation
Chavan et al. (2013)	11 children with hematological malignancies	HSCT	After	Blood, cerebrospinal fluid, tissue	Rothia mucilaginosa infections was clinically significant in neutropenic children undergoing HSCT

chemoRT, chemoradiation; CT, chemotherapy; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplant; OM, oral mucositis; RT, radiation therapy.