Table 3.
Overview of the categories scored during clinical examination.
Tongue posture at rest | |
---|---|
1. Physiological | Resting position of the tongue in contact with the palate extending to the palatal aspect of the alveolar ridge |
2. Inter- or addental | Resting position of the tongue between the anterior and/or posterior teeth |
3. Caudal | Resting position of the tongue directed towards the lower anterior teeth |
Swallowing pattern | |
1. Physiological | Characterized by tongue contact with the hard palate and the simultaneous absence of tongue contact with the anterior and canine teeth when swallowing, while the lip and mentalis muscles are inactive |
2. Anterior interdental | Tip of the tongue presses between the anterior incisors |
3. Anterior addental | Tip of the tongue presses against the lower incisors |
4. Lateral interdental | The tongue presses against or between the posterior teeth |
Articulation | |
/l,n,d,t/ | |
1. Physiological | Tip of the tongue touches the incisive papilla while speaking |
2. Inter- or addental | Tip of the tongue presses between or against the anterior teeth while speaking |
/s/ | |
1. Physiological | Tip of the tongue is behind the lower anterior teeth while speaking |
2. Addental | Tip of the tongue touches the upper anterior teeth while speaking |
3. Interdental | Tip of the tongue is between the anterior teeth while speaking |
4. Lateral | Tongue edges are between the posterior teeth while speaking |