Table 5.
Summary of studies characteristics and results of the included studies assessing PBB.
| Reference | Sample | Outcomesa | Results | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline G1 | ΔG1b | Baseline G2 | ΔG2b | ΔG1 − ΔG2 | P-valuec | ||||
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
| Işcan and Sarisoy (40) | Passive PBB 5 mm | Passive PBB 10 mm | |||||||
| n = 13 | n = 12 | Overbite (mm) | −2.3 (1.1) | 2.7 (1.2) | −2.6 (1.6) | 2.5 (1.0) | 0.2 | NS | |
| 9♀/4♂ | 9♀/3♂ | SN.GoGn (°) | 41.5 (3.7) | −0.7 (1.1) | 42.7 (3.3) | −1.2 (1.2) | 0.5 | NS | |
| 10.4±1.2 yrs | 10.9±1.8 yrs | SN.PP (°) | 7.5 (2.6) | −0.3 (1.1) | 8.7 (2.6) | −0.1 (0.8) | −0.2 | NS | |
| OP: 4–10 months | OP: 4–13 months | ||||||||
| Işcan and Sarisoy (40) | Passive PBB 5 mm | Untreated | Overbite (mm) | −2.3 (1.1) | 2.7 (1.2) | −1.6 (0.9) | 0.2 (0.5) | 2.5 | P < 0.01 |
| n = 13 | n = 14 | SN.GoGn (°) | 41.5 (3.7) | −0.7 (1.1) | 41.4 (4.0) | 0.0 (0.9) | −0.7 | NS | |
| 9♀/4♂ | 11♀/3♂ | SN.PP 2 (°) | 7.5 (2.6) | −0.3 (1.1) | 10.3 (2.9) | 0.0 (1.7) | −0.3 | NS | |
| 10.4±1.2 yrs | 10.6±1.4 yrs | ||||||||
| OP: 4–10 months | OP: 7–9 months | ||||||||
| Işcan and Sarisoy (40) | Passive PBB 10 mm | Untreated | Overbite (mm) | −2.6 (1.6) | 2.5 (1.0) | −1.6 (0.9) | 0.2 (0.5) | 2.3 | P < 0.01 |
| n = 12 | n = 14 | SN.GoGn (°) | 42.7 (3.3) | −1.2 (1.2) | 41.4 (4.0) | 0.0 (0.9) | −1.2 | P < 0.05 | |
| 9♀/3♂ | 11♀/3♂ | SN.PP 2 (°) | 8.7 (2.6) | −0.1 (0.8) | 10.3 (2.9) | 0.0 (1.7) | −0.1 | NS | |
| 10.9±1.8 yrs | 10.6±1.4 yrs | ||||||||
| OP: 4–13 months | OP: 7–9 months | ||||||||
| Bazzucchi et al. (41) | Magnetic PBB | Untreated | Overbite 2 (mm) | −2.2 (1.6) | 2.4 (1.8) | 3.4 (2.7) | 0.9 (1.8) | 1.5 | NS |
| n = 29 | n = 29 | MPA (°) | 37.1 (5.1) | 0.8 (1.3) | 34 (4.3) | −0.2 (1.0) | 1.0 | NS | |
| 23♀/6♂ | 23♀/6♂ | ||||||||
| 11.0±3.0 yrs | 11.0±3.0 yrs | ||||||||
| OP: 8 months | OP: 9 months | ||||||||
| Barbre and Sinclair (32) | Magnetic PBB | Untreated | Overbite (mm) | −3.0 (1.6) | −3.2 (1.4) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| n = 25 | n = 25 | MPA (°) | 29.8 (4.8) | −1.0 (2.0) | 28.6 (0.9) | −0.6 (0.8) | −0.4 | NS | |
| 10.6 | Matched | SN.MP 1 (°) | 38.4 (5.6) | −1.0 (1.4) | 34.4 (0.6) | −0.2 (0.3) | −0.8 | P < 0.05 | |
| (8.2–13.4) yrs | − | SN.PP 2 (°) | 3.5 (2.7) | −0.1 (1.3) | 7.4 (0.6) | 0.2 (0.3) | −0.3 | NS | |
| OP: 7 months | |||||||||
| Kiliaridis et al. (31) | Magnetic PBB | Passive PBB 5 mm | Overbite (mm) | −1.9 (0.8) | 2.4 (1.3) | −3.4 (1.9) | 2.2 (0.7) | 0.2 | NS |
| n = 10 | n = 10 | SN.MP (°) | 39.7 (3.7) | −0.8 (0.5) | 40.3 (5.1) | −1.0 (0.7) | 0.2 | NS | |
| 7♀/3♂ | 7♀/3♂ | PP.MP (°) | 32.7 (4.4) | −1.1 (0.8) | 33.6 (4.2) | −1.3 (1.0) | 0.2 | NS | |
| 12.6±2.6 yrs | 11.9±2.7 yrs | ||||||||
| OP: 5 months | OP: 6 months | ||||||||
| Işcan et al. (34) | Spring PBB | Passive (3–4) mm PBB + VPCC | Overbite (mm) | −2.9 (1.3) | 3.5 (0.4) | −2.9 (1.9) | 4.5 (0.6) | 1.0 | NS |
| n = 11 | n = 12 | SN.GoGn (°) | 41.3 (3.9) | −1.6 (0.4) | 42.3 (3.8) | −2.0 (0.4) | 0.4 | NS | |
| 10.3 | 9.8 | SN.PP (°) | 10.4 (3.2) | 0.4 (0.4) | 8.5 (2.2) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.3 | NS | |
| (8.6–13.5) yrs | (7.3–11.6) yrs | PP.MP (°) | 33.0 (5.1) | −1.9 (0.5) | 36.3 (4.6) | −1.7 (0.4) | −0.2 | NS | |
| OP: 20 months | |||||||||
| Doshi and Bhad-Patil (21) | Spring PBB | Magnetic PBB | Overbite (mm) | NA | 3.4 (1.2) | NA | 4.9 (1.4) | −1.5 | P < 0.05 |
| n = 10 | n = 10 | SN.GoGn (°) | −1.8 (0.8) | −1.9 (1.2) | 0.1 | NS | |||
| OP: 8 months | |||||||||
| Kuster and Ingervall (35) | Spring PBB | Magnetic PBB | Overbite (mm) | −0.5 (−) | 1.3 (−) | −2.0 (−) | 3.0 (−) | −1.7 | NA |
| n = 22 | n = 11 | SN.MP (°) | 42.1 (−) | 0.2 (−) | 37.1 (−) | −1.1 (−) | 1.3 | ||
| 11♀/11♂ | 7♀/4♂ | NSGn (°) | 72.6 (−) | −0.3 (−) | 71.0 (−) | −1.0 (−) | 0.7 | ||
| 9.3 yrs. | 10.7 yrs. | SN.PP (°) | 6.7 (−) | −0.1 (−) | 6.2 (−) | −0.4 (−) | 0.3 | ||
| OP: 12 months | OP: 3 months | PP.MP (°) | 34.7 (−) | 0.4 (−) | 31.1 (−) | −0.6 (−) | 1.0 | ||
| Albogha et al. (25) | Magnetic PBB | RMI + PBB | Overbite (mm) | −3.9 (1.6) | 3.3 (1.3) | −3.8 (1.9) | 3.1 (1.4) | 0.2 | NS |
| n = 15 | n = 15 | FMA (°) | 32.8 (5.8) | −0.2 (2.5) | 33.9 (5.2) | −0.4 (2.5) | 0.2 | NS | |
| 9♀/6♂ | 11♀/4♂ | SN.MP (°) | 42.8 (3.5) | −1.4 (1.2) | 43.7 (5.4) | −1.1 (2.1) | −0.3 | NS | |
| 11.2±1.6 yrs | 10.9±1.8 yrs | NSPog (°) | 74.9 (2.8) | 0.2 (0.9) | 73.2 (3.2) | 0.4 (1.0) | −0.2 | NS | |
| OP: 4 months | PP.MP (°) | 33.8 (5.3) | −0.8 (1.2) | 35.5 (5.1) | 0.4 (2.8) | −1.2 | NS | ||
| BaN.PtGn (°) | 83.9 (3.0) | 1.6 (1.4) | 83.1 (4.7) | 1.7 (2.0) | −0.1 | NS | |||
SD, standard-deviation; ♀, female; ♂, male; yrs, years; G1, group 1; G2, group 2; NS, non-significant; OP, observation period; NA, not available; PBB, posterior bite-blocks; ΔG1, difference between final and baseline measurements for group 1; ΔG2, difference between final and baseline measurements for group 2; ΔG1 − ΔG2, difference between changes observed for groups 1 and 2.
aPre-treatment statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences on bold font, and absence of pre-treatment comparison on italic font.
bStatistically significant (P < 0.05) changes on bold font, and absence of intra-group comparison on italic font.
cConcerning ΔG1 − ΔG2.