Table 6.
Summary of studies characteristics and results of the included studies assessing MEA and VPCC.
| Reference | Sample | Outcomesa | Results | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline G1 | ΔG1b | Baseline G2 | ΔG2b | ΔG1 − ΔG2 | P-valuec | ||||
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
| Sankey et al. (42) | Splint slow MEA + VPCC + lip seal training | Untreated | Overbite (mm) | 0.6 (3.0) | 1.3 (2.0) | NA | 0.0 (0.2) | 1.3 | P < 0.001 |
| n = 38 | n = 38 | MPA (°) | 40.0 (3.9) | −0.3 (1.7) | 40.1 (3.9) | −0.2 (2.1) | −0.1 | NS | |
| 24♀/14♂ | 24♀/14♂ | NSGn (°) | 69.8 (3.1) | 0.1 (1.5) | NA | 0.5 (1.2) | −0.4 | NS | |
| 8,.3±1.2 yrs | 8.2±1.3 yrs | SN.PP (°) | 4.1 (3.0) | 0.3 (1.9) | 0.1 (1.0) | 0.2 | NS | ||
| OP: 15 months | - | ||||||||
| Bacetti et al. (16) | Splint rapid MEA + VPCC | Untreated | |||||||
| n = 21 | n = 18 | Overbite (mm) | NA | 1.9 (1.9) | NA | 1.5 (1.9) | 0.4 | NS | |
| - | - | MPA (°) | −1.2 (2.0) | −1.3 (1.9) | 0.1 | NS | |||
| 8.6±0.7 yrs | 8.4±1.0 yrs | FH.PP (°) | 0.8 (1.4) | 0.4 (2.1) | 0.4 | NS | |||
| OP: 31 months | OP: 32 months | PP.MP (°) | −2.1 (2.6) | −1.7 (1.9) | −0.4 | NS | |||
| Pre-pubertal | |||||||||
| Bacetti et al. (16) | Splint rapid MEA + VPCC | Untreated | Overbite (mm) | NA | 1.8 (1.7) | NA | 0.2 (2.2) | 1.6 | NS |
| n = 15 | n = 14 | MPA (°) | −2.9 (2.2) | −0.7 (2.2) | −2.2 | P < 0.05 | |||
| - | - | FH.PP (°) | −0.3 (1.6) | 0.2 (1.7) | −0.5 | NS | |||
| 9.3±1.0 yrs | 9.8±1.2 yrs | PP.MP (°) | −2.6 (1.9) | −1.1 (2.3) | −1.5 | NS | |||
| OP: 36 months | OP: 38 months | ||||||||
| Pubertal | |||||||||
| Schulz et al. (45) | Splint rapid MEA + VPCC | Splint rapid MEA | Overbite (mm) | 2.4 (2.3) | 1.6 (2.1) | 2.5 (2.3) | 0.9 (1.6) | 0.7 | NS |
| n = 29 | n = 29 | MPA (°) | 29.3 (3.5) | −1.3 (1.5) | 29.6 (3.8) | −0.3 (1.7) | −1.0 | NS | |
| 16♀/13♂ | 16♀/13♂ | FH.PP 1 (°) | 2.5 (2.6) | −1.2 (1.6) | 0.4 (2.8) | −1.4 (1.3) | 0.2 | NS | |
| 9.1±1.0 yrs | 9.0±1.0 yrs | ||||||||
| OP: 33 months | OP: 46 months | ||||||||
SD, standard-deviation; ♀, female; ♂, male; yrs, years; G1, group 1; G2, group 2; NS, non-significant; OP, observation period; NA, not available; MEA, Maxillary expansion appliances; VPCC, vertical-pull chin cup; ΔG1, difference between final and baseline measurements for group 1; ΔG2, difference between final and baseline measurements for group 2; ΔG1 − ΔG2, difference between changes observed for groups 1 and 2.
aPre-treatment statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences on bold font, and absence of pre-treatment comparison on italic font.
bStatistically significant (P < 0.05) changes on bold font, and absence of intra-group comparison on italic font.
cConcerning ΔG1 − ΔG2.