Table 3.
Predictors of paradoxical reaction on univariate analysis
| Characteristic | Paradoxical reaction | P value | Odds ratio | 95 % Confidence interval | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (n=44) | Absent (n=97) | Lower bound | Upper bound | |||
| Age in years Mean ± SD | 27.295 ± 10.958 | 30.866 ± 13.446 | 0.125 | −1.004 | 8.145 | |
| Duration of illness (days) Mean ± SD | 42.932± 21.583 | 52.495± 27.538 | 0.028 | 0.276 | 18.850 | |
| Gender (female) | 26 (59.1 %) | 39 (40.2 %) | 0.037 | 2.148 | 1.04 | 4.436 |
| HIV positive | 11(25 %) | 2(2.1 %) | <0.001 | 15.833 | 3.334 | 75.184 |
| Fever | 43(97.7 %) | 95(97.9 %) | 0.936 | 0.905 | 0.080 | 10.255 |
| Headache | 39(88.6 %) | 92(94.8 %) | 0.183 | 0.424 | 0.116 | 1.548 |
| Seizure | 12(27.3 %) | 36(37.1 %) | 0.253 | 0.635 | 0.291 | 1.387 |
| Altered Sensorium | 15(34.1 %) | 29(29.9 %) | 0.618 | 1.213 | 0.567 | 2.593 |
| Decreased vision | 10(22.7 %) | 25(25.8 %) | 0.698 | 0.847 | 0.366 | 1.960 |
| Hemiparesis | 7(15.9 %) | 16(16.5 %) | 0.930 | 0.958 | 0.363 | 2.526 |
| Paraparesis | 2(4.5 %) | 10(10.3 %) | 0.341 | 0.414 | 0.087 | 1.976 |
| Meningeal signs | 41(93.2 %) | 84(86.6 %) | 0.253 | 2.115 | 0.571 | 7.837 |
| Lymphadenopathy | 10(22.7 %) | 3(3.1 %) | 0.001 | 9.216 | 2.393 | 35.496 |
| Diplopia | 17(38.6 %) | 42(43.3 %) | 0.603 | 0.825 | 0.398 | 1.707 |
| Cranial Nerve involvement | 27(61.4 %) | 53(54.6 %) | 0.455 | 1.319 | 0.638 | 2.727 |
| Papilloedema | 13(29.5 %) | 42(43.3 %) | 0.121 | 0.549 | 0.256 | 1.177 |
| Hydrocephalus | 13(29.5 %) | 40(41.2 %) | 0.184 | 0.598 | 0.279 | 1.282 |
| Basal Exudates | 9(20.5 %) | 29(29.9 %) | 0.242 | 0.603 | 0.257 | 1.413 |
| Tuberculoma | 15(34.1 %) | 36(37.1 %) | 0.729 | 0.876 | 0.415 | 1.850 |
| Infarct | 7(15.9 %) | 18(18.6 %) | 0.703 | 0.830 | 0.319 | 2.161 |
| Optochiasmatic Arachnoiditis | 7(15.9 %) | 14(14.4 %) | 0.820 | 1.122 | 0.418 | 3.008 |
| Spinal cord | 2(4.5 %) | 10(10.3 %) | 0.256 | 0.414 | 0.087 | 1.976 |
| CRP | 19(43.2 %) | 38(39.2 %) | 0.653 | 1.180 | 0.573 | 2.430 |
| Stage 3 TBM | 15(34.1 %) | 29(29.9 %) | 0.618 | 1.213 | 0.567 | 2.593 |
| Baseline BI (<12) | 34(77.3 %) | 59(60.8 %) | 0.056 | 2.190 | 0.970 | 4.944 |
| Definite TBM | 20(45.5 %) | 34(35.1 %) | 0.312 | 1.544 | .748 | 3.189 |
| Good outcome (BI>12) | 32(72.7 %) | 59(64.8 %) | 0.171 | 0.582 | 0.267 | 1.268 |
| ESR mm in 1 h Mean ± SD | 27.818 ± 4.876 | 27.093 ± 7.593 | 0.497 | −3.194 | 1.743 | |
| CSF Cells/μL Mean ± SD | 200.864 ± 121.261 | 184.505 ± 208.810 | 0.630 | 83.265 | 56.548 | |
| CSF protein (mg/dl) Mean ± SD | 188.5382 ± 115.145 | 283.2649 ± 542.511 | 0.254 | −68.924 | 258.377 | |
| CSF sugar (mg/dl) Mean ± SD | 33.620 ± 18.231 | 36.086 ± 18.617 | 0.465 | 4.193 | 9.125 | |
BI Barthel Index, CRP C-reactive protein, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus, TBM Tuberculous meningitis
Note: Statistically significant P-values are depicted in italics