Table 1.

Items used to define childhood physical abuse in MOAFTS and MOFAM

Behavioral Items

Endorsement of ≥1 item (at the level of “often”)

1. When you were 6 to 13, when you did something wrong, how often were you slapped by your (mother figure/father figure)?

2. When you were 6 to 13, when you did something wrong, how often were you hit with a belt or a stick or something like that by you (mother figure/father figure)?

3. When you were 6 to 13, how often did your (mother figure/father figure) physically punish you so hard that you hurt the next day?

4. When you were 6 to 13, were you injured or hurt on purpose by any adult? Examples of such injuries would include: broken bones, burns, being hit so hard you developed bruises, or any other physical injuries.

Trauma Checklist Events

Endorsement of ≥1 event, with reported age at first experience 13 years or younger

1. Physical Abuse “You were physically abused as a child”

2. Physical Assault “You were seriously physically attacked or assaulted”

MOAFTS = Missouri Adolescent Female Twin sample; MOFAM = Missouri Family Study sample