Table 2. Physical activity and dietary energy intake, by BMI category and site (mean ± SD).
| US | South Africa | Ghana | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
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| NW (N = 24) | Obese (N = 44) | NW (N = 48) | Obese (N = 47) | NW (N = 52) | Obese (n = 26) | |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| MVPA (1-min) | 20.3 ± 20.4 | 11.6 ± 12.1 | 24.6 ± 16.6 | 19.4 ± 14.2α | 28.8 ± 17.5 | 19.6 ± 13.1α |
| MVPA (10-min) | 9.7 ± 12.8 | 4.6 ± 7.9 | 11.4 ± 12.1 | 7.3 ± 7.6 | 13.0 ± 12.1 | 7.6 ± 8.1 |
| Light PA (1-min) | 193.3 ± 53.2 | 196.8 ± 65.2 | 175.6 ± 55.6 | 202.2 ± 58.7 | 256.6 ± 54.1βδ | 197.1 ± 62.9 |
| Light PA (10-min) | 86.7 ± 46.6 | 105.7 ± 66.9 | 76.0 ± 48.2 | 105.0 ± 47.7 | 158.1 ± 61.5βδ | 106.0 ± 60.2 |
| Sedentary (1-min) | 214.7 ± 40.4 | 200.9 ± 53.5 | 228.4 ± 48.6 | 218.3 ± 46.0 | 194.9 ± 33.2 | 187.2 ± 46.4γ |
| Sedentary (10-min) | 46.9 ± 23.3 | 45.2 ± 40.1 | 69.1 ± 42.1α | 59.6 ± 37.7 | 42.6 ± 23.6δ | 41.8 ± 27.4 |
| Dietary intake | ||||||
| Energy (MJ) | 9.2 ± 2.8 | 8.6 ± 3.2 | 4.3 ± 1.3β | 4.1 ± 1.1β | 7.2 ± 1.8β | 7.6 ± 1.6 |
| Protein (%E) | 16.0 ± 3.6 | 14.9 ± 4.1 | 16.0 ± 4.3 | 16.2 ± 4.7 | 11.6 ± 4.6β | 12.3 ± 3.8 |
| Carbohydrate (%E) | 45.9 ± 8.3 | 47.7 ± 10.0 | 57.4 ± 11.4β | 58.8 ± 11.3β | 64.6 ± 10.8β | 62.9 ± 11.1β |
| Fat (%E) | 38.0 ± 6.7 | 36.4 ± 7.0 | 26.6 ± 9.0β | 25.0 ± 8.2β | 23.7 ± 10.1β | 24.5 ± 9.2β |
| SFA (%E) | 12.8 ± 3.3 | 11.6 ± 3.2 | 7.8 ± 3.2β | 7.9 ± 3.3β | 7.8 ± 4.8β | 7.7 ± 4.0β |
| MUFA (%E) | 14.0 ± 3.4 | 13.4 ± 3.3 | 9.1 ± 3.8β | 8.3 ± 3.4β | 8.8 ± 3.8β | 9.4 ± 3.8β |
| PUFA (%E) | 8.0 ± 2.5 | 8.4 ± 3.1 | 6.8 ± 2.9 | 6.0 ± 2.6β | 5.1 ± 2.7β δ | 5.4 ± 3.0β |
Values are mean ± standard deviation. Physical activity presented as 1 and 10 min bouts, measured using accelerometry. NW normal-weight, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous PA, %E percentage of total energy intake, SFA saturated fatty acid, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid
α
Significantly different to US, within BMI category, p < 0.05
β
significantly different to US, within BMI category, p < 0.001
γ
Significantly different to South Africa, within BMI category, p < 0.05,
δ
Significantly different to South Africa, within BMI category, p < 0.001