Fig 4. Risk ratios and 95% credible intervals (2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the posterior distributions of effect size parameters from the Bayesian model) from multivariate analysis of the association of under-five mortality with its social and environmental risk factors for 2000, 2010, and the change between 2000 and 2010.

The magnitude of the effect size for each variable represents the proportional change (decrease or increase) in 5q0 for a 10% higher prevalence of that variable (over space in a single census year or change over time between censuses), with the 10% shift coming from the reference variable. The reference variables were wood (for cooking fuel), unimproved sanitation, unimproved drinking water, no education (for maternal and paternal education), and living in rural areas.