Table 4. Factors influencing healthcare workers’ choices of strategies for workplace violence prevention.

Dimensions	Strategies	Variables	OR	95% CI	P
Individual	Use batons, helmets, and other protective equipment	Age	0.389	0.252–0.601	0
		Years of experience	4.324	2.856–6.547	0
		Professional title	1.628	1.371–1.932	0
		Working rotating shifts	0.316	0.216–0.462	0
		Violence type
		physical violence only	3.904	1.596–9.549	0.003
		psychological violence only	2.593	1.739–3.868	0
		both types of violence	6.279	3.502–11.257	0
	Improve competence in diagnosis and treatment	Gender
		Male	1.401	1.032–1.902	0.03
		Violence
		physical violence only	5.764	1.917–17.333	0.002
		psychological violence only	1.683	1.217–2.327	0.002
		both types of violence	1.89	1.096–3.261	0.022
	Improve doctor-patient communication skills	Anxiety level	1.539	1.294–1.831	0
		Violence
		physical violence only	-	-	-
		psychological violence only	2.575	1.629–4.0071	0
		both types of violence	-	-	-
Organisational	Target training to strengthen competence in responding to violence	Gender
		Male	1.609	1.181–2.191	0.003
		Years of experience	1.516	1.062–2.163	0.022
		Professional title	0.826	0.710–0.960	0.013
		Violence
		physical violence only	-	-	-
		psychological violence only	1.94	1.391–2.707	0
		both types of violence	-	-	-
	Hospital improvements in violence reporting, statistics, and interventions	Gender
		Male	1.645	1.196–2.262	0.002
		Years of experience	1.675	1.186–2.366	0.003
		Anxiety level	1.174	1.038–1.328	0.011
		Working rotating shifts	0.714	0.53–0.963	0.027
		Professional title	1.343	1.160–1.555	0
	Security patrols in the emergency or other key departments	Violence
		physical violence only	2.381	1.059–5.354	0.036
		psychological violence only	-	-	-
		both types of violence	1.174	1.038–1.233	0.017
		Gender
		Male	2.213	1.608–3–046	0
		Years of experience	1.73	1.195–2.503	0.004
		Professional title	0.819	0.705–0.951	0.009
		Profession
		General practitioner	0.596	0.432–0.822	0.002
		Anxiety level	1.151	1.003–1.319	0.044
		Violence
		physical violence only	-	-	-
		psychological violence only	-	-	-
		both types of violence	5.864	2.058–16.709	0.001
	Reinforce staff with back-up support	Age	0.381	0.253–0.574	0
		Years of experience	3.423	2.344–4.998	0
		Professional title	1.477	1.262–1.729	0
		Profession
		General practitioner	0.629	0.453–0.873	0.006
		Working rotating shifts	0.533	0.381–0.744	0
		Anxiety level	1.308	1.143–1.497	0
		Violence
		physical violence only	4.465	1.849–10.782	0.001
		psychological violence only	2.207	1.534–3.174	0
		both types of violence	2.027	1.151–3.568	0.014
	Improve the treatment process and shorten wait times	Age	0.399	0.265–0.601	0
		Gender
		Male	1.611	1.177–2.205	0.003
		Years of experience	2.833	1.948–4.122	0
		Professional title	1.211	1.047–1.400
		physical violence only	-	-	-
		psychological violence only	1.799	1.281–2.525	0.001
		both types of violence	-	-	-
	Install cameras on wards, keep work areas bright by using lights at night	Years of experience	1.553	1.100–2.192	0.012
		Profession
		General practitioner	0.714	0.531–0.960	0.026
		Anxiety level	1.307	1.152–1.483	0
		Violence
		physical violence only	2.512	1.040–6.066	0.041
		psychological violence only	1.797	1.296–2.491	0
		both types of violence	3.356	1.821–6.188	0
	Promote transparency of fees, assure fee payment	Age	0.553	0.365–0.839	0.005
		Professional title	1.222	1.048–1.425	0.011
		Working rotating shifts	0.58	0.422–0.797	0.001
		Violence
		physical violence only	2.572	1.061–6.233	0.036
		psychological violence only	5.544	3.805–8.078	0
		both types of violence	13.77	6.263–30.264	0
Social	Police officers stationed in the hospital	Age	0.379	0.253–0.567	0
		Gender
		Male	1.795	1.266–2.545	0.001
		Years of experience	3.544	2.434–5.160	0
		Professional title	1.225	1.047–1.435	0.012
		Working rotating shifts	0.415	0.300–0.575	0
		Violence
		physical violence only	3.366	1.403–8.076	0.007
		psychological violence only	-	-	-
		both types of violence	1.977	1.155–3.384	0.013
	Enact workplace violence legislation	Age	0.422	0.281–0.634	0
		Years of experience	2.473	1.714–3.569	0
		Working rotating shifts	0.456	0.335–0.622	0
		Violence
		physical violence only	-	-	-
		psychological violence only	2.14	1.533–2.988	0
		both types of violence	24.68	8.666–70.325	0
	Develop violence prevention guidelines and plans	Age	0.421	0.283–0.626	0
		Gender
		Male	1.874	1.365–2.573	0
		Years of experience	2.259	1.582–3.226	0
		Violence
		physical violence only	3.244	1.329–7.918	0.01
		psychological violence only	1.912	1.376–2.655	0
		both types of violence	6.967	3.564–13.622	0
	Accurate perspectives and reports by media, promote respect of medical workers	Age	0.558	0.377–0.826	0.004
		Years of experience	1.551	1.086–2.216	0.016
		Working rotating shifts	0.543	0.102–0.733	0
		Anxiety level	1.299	1.142–1.478	0
		Violence
		physical violence only	-	-	-
		psychological violence only	2.868	2.028–4.057	0
		both types of violence	-	-	-