Figure 3.

Methods of instruction*

* Studies using each method: lecture [14, 15, 17–23, 25–28, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40]; computer lab [15, 19–22, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32, 35–37, 39, 40]; small group or 1-on-1 [14, 16, 18, 20, 21 (peer assessment), 22, 25–27, 30, 31, 33–36, 39]; online [17, 23, 24, 29, 32, 38].

† Combinations not used: lecture and online; lecture, computer lab, and online; lecture, computer lab, small group/1–on-1, and online; computer lab and online.

Image icon credits: “Multiple users silhouette” (small group) and “Computer class room” were designed by Freepik <http://www.flaticon.com/authors/freepik> via Flaticon, used under attribution license; “Lecture” and “Monitor” (online) were designed by ClkerFreeVectorImages, CC0 public domain release, via Pixabay.