Table 1.
Preoperative characteristics of the study cohort
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 380) |
Overall population |
Propensity score–matched population |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKI (n = 60) |
No AKI (n = 320) |
P value | AKI (n = 60) |
No AKI (n = 60) |
P value | ||
| Age, yr, mean ± SD | 66.9 ± 9 | 68.7 ± 8.9 | 66.6 ± 8.9 | .08 | 68.7 ± 8.9 | 66.9 ± 9.4 | .31 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 57 (15) | 8 (13.3) | 49 (15.3) | .89 | 8 (13.3) | 6 (10) | .77 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 27.2 ± 4.4 | 26.1 ± 4.6 | 27.4 ± 4.3 | .07 | 26.2 ± 4.7 | 27.4 ± 4.7 | .15 |
| LVEF, n (%) | .04 | .65 | |||||
| Good | 247 (65.1) | 34 (56.7) | 213 (66) | 34 (56.7) | 35 (58.3) | ||
| Moderate | 109 (28.7) | 18 (30) | 91 (28.4) | 18 (30) | 18 (30) | ||
| Poor | 24 (6.31) | 8 (13.3) | 16 (8) | 8 (13.3) | 7 (11.7) | ||
| Diabetes, n (%) | .54 | .90 | |||||
| No | 294 (77.4) | 46 (76.7) | 248 (77.5) | 46 (76.7) | 47 (78.3) | ||
| Diet | 16 (4.2) | 3 (5) | 13 (4.1) | 3 (5) | 2 (3.3) | ||
| Oral treatment | 45 (11.8) | 5 (8.3) | 40 (12.5) | 5 (8.3) | 7 (11.7) | ||
| Insulin treatment | 25 (6.5) | 6 (10) | 19 (5.9) | 6 (10) | 4 (6.7) | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 271 (71.3) | 51 (85) | 220 (68.8) | .06 | 41 (68.3) | 38 (63.3) | .23 |
| Previous CVA, n (%) | 49 (12.8) | 10 (16.7) | 39 (12.2) | .60 | 10 (16.7) | 8 (13.3) | .12 |
| PVD, n (%) | 78 (20.5) | 16 (26.7) | 62 (19.4) | .19 | 16 (26.7) | 13 (21.7) | .64 |
| COPD, n (%) | 57 (15) | 12 (20) | 45 (14.1) | .23 | 12 (20) | 8 (13.3) | .45 |
| Smoking, n (%) | .63 | .87 | |||||
| Never smoked | 101 (26.6) | 16 (26.7) | 85 (26.5) | 16 (26.7) | 16 (26.7) | ||
| Ex-smoker | 246 (64.7) | 39 (65) | 207 (64.7) | 39 (65) | 36 (60) | ||
| Current smoker | 33 (8.6) | 5 (8.3) | 28 (8.8) | 5 (8.3) | 8 (13.3) | ||
| NYHA class, n (%) | .06 | .37 | |||||
| Class I | 63 (16.6) | 7 (11.7) | 56 (17.5) | 7 (11.7) | 5 (8.3) | ||
| Class II | 149 (39.2) | 17 (28.3) | 132 (41.2) | 17 (28.3) | 20 (33.3) | ||
| Class III | 148 (38.9) | 32 (53.3) | 116 (36.2) | 32 (53.3) | 32 (53.3) | ||
| Class IV | 20 (5.2) | 4 (6.7) | 16 (5) | 4 (6.7) | 3 (5) | ||
| CCS class, n (%) | <.01 | .78 | |||||
| Class 0 | 41 (10.8) | 10 (16.7) | 31 (9.7) | 10 (16.7) | 10 (16.9) | ||
| Class I | 25 (6.6) | 10 (16.7) | 15 (4.7) | 10 (16.7) | 4 (6.8) | ||
| Class II | 82 (21.6) | 11 (18.3) | 71 (22.2) | 11 (18.3) | 10 (16.9) | ||
| Class III | 132 (34.7) | 16 (26.7) | 117 (36.6) | 16 (26.7) | 15 (25.4) | ||
| Class IV | 99 (26) | 13 (21.7) | 86 (26.9) | 13 (21.7) | 20 (33.9) | ||
| Euroscore II, mean ± SD | 5.11 ± 4.03 | 6.12 ± 3.6 | 4.91 ± 3.8 | <.01 | 6.12 ± 3.6 | 5.91 ± 3.4 | .12 |
| Left main disease, n (%) | 89 (23.4) | 16 (26.7) | 73 (22.8) | .51 | 16 (26.7) | 14 (23.3) | .82 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 29 (7.6) | 7 (11.7) | 22 (6.9) | .19 | 7 (11.7) | 9 (15) | .79 |
| Reduced eGFR, n (%) | 112 (29.5) | 30 (50) | 82 (25.6) | <.01 | 30 (50) | 30 (50) | 1 |
| Baseline SCr, μmol/L, mean ± SD | 102.8 ± 30.8 | 117 ± 35.9 | 100 ± 29 | <.01 | 117 ± 35.9 | 114 ± 41.8 | .26 |
| Peak SCr, μmol/L, mean ± SD | 133.3 ± 78.8 | 248 ± 121 | 111 ± 39.8 | <.01 | 248 ± 121 | 120 ± 52.7 | <.01 |
| Urgency, n (%) | .34 | .91 | |||||
| Elective | 235 (61.8) | 33 (55) | 202 (63.1) | 33 (55) | 34 (56.7) | ||
| Urgent | 134 (35.2) | 24 (40) | 110 (34.4) | 24 (40) | 22 (36.7) | ||
| Emergency | 10 (2.6) | 3 (5) | 7 (2.2) | 3 (5) | 4 (6.7) | ||
| Salvage | 1 (0.26) | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Off-pump, n (%) | 143 (37.6) | 18 (30) | 125 (39.1) | .23 | 18 (30) | 24 (40) | .46 |
| Number of grafts, mean ± SD | 2.22 ± 0.8 | 2.21 ± 0.88 | 2.33 ± 0.9 | .26 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 20.9 | .30 |
AKI, Acute kidney injury; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NYHA, New York Heart Association; CCS, Canadian Cardiovascular Society; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SCr, serum creatinine.