Table 1. Morphological and physiological measurements during hormonal manipulations.

Morphological and physiological measures in females treated with Tamoxifen (TAM) or vehicle (VEH) in experiments 1 and 2. The average egg laying was observed for the following time periods: before, during (Days/rows annotated with the mention “TRT”) and after (only in exp. 2) the treatment. The cloacal opening was measured on a day by day basis (Exp. 1) or every four days (Exp. 2: Days 18–34) during these time periods. TAM inhibited egg laying (A, C) and decreased cloacal diameter in both experiments (B, D).

Exp. 1	VEH	TAM	Treatment effect
(A) Egg laying
Before	1.1 ± 0.07	1.0 ± 0.10	NS
During TRT	0.9 ± 0.03	0.09 ± 0.02 #	**
(B) Cloacal opening
Day −3	12.2 ± 0.7	12.9 ± 0.8	NS
Day 0	13.1 ± 0.5	12.0 ± 0.4	NS
Day 1 TRT	12.1 ± 0.8	11.3 ± 0.4	NS
Day 2 TRT	12.2 ± 0.5	10.0 ± 0.2 #	NS
Day 3 TRT	12.6 ± 0.8	9.3 ± 0.5 ###	*
Day 4 TRT	12.5 ± 1.0	9.1 ± 0.2 ###	*
Day 5 TRT	11.9 ± 0.8	8.4 ± 0.4 ###	*
Day 6 TRT	12.7 ± 0.7	8.2 ± 0.2 ###	***
Day 7 TRT	12.6 ± 1.0	8.0 ± 0.3 ###	***
Day 8 TRT	12.3 ± 0.5	7.8 ± 0.3 ###	***
Exp. 2	VEH	TAM	Treatment effect
(C) Egg laying
Before	0.6 ± 0.07	0.7 ± 0.09	NS
During TRT	0.8 ± 0.05	0.05 ± 0.02 ###	***
After	0.7 ± 0.06	0.3 ± 0.07 ##	(*)
(D) Cloacal opening
Day −10	10.6 ± 0.3	10.6 ± 0.7	NS
Day −6	10.6 ± 0.4	10.3 ± 0.6	NS
Day −2	9.6 ± 0.5	9.9 ± 0.5	NS
Day 2 TRT	9.8 ± 0.3	7.8 ± 0.4 #	(*)
Day 6 TRT	10.3 ± 0.4	7.3 ± 0.3 ###	***
Day 10 TRT	9.3 ± 0.3	7.4 ± 0.3 ###	NS
Day 14 TRT	10.7 ± 0.2	7.0 ± 0.4 ###	***
Day 18	9.3 ± 0.6	7.7 ± 0.6 ##	NS
Day 22	10.7 ± 0.4	10.2 ± 0.4	NS
Day 26	10.7 ± 0.1	10.3 ± 0.5	NS
Day 30	10.2 ± 0.3	9.9 ± 0.2	NS
Day 34	10.1 ± 0.2	9.6 ± 0.5	NS

^(*)p < 0.1,

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001 compared to VEH.

^#p < 0.05,

^##p < 0.05,

^###p < 0.001 compared to corresponding group during before period (Exp. 1 : Day 0; Exp.2 : Day−2). p values are adapted with the Bonferroni correction when appropriate.