Figure 9.

Summarized OKR circuit from the retina to the lateral rectus. Circled letters in the MVN and NPH indicate neuronal types. A, MVN inhibitory premotor neuron. B, MVN excitatory premotor neuron. C, NPH excitatory premotor neuron. D, NPH inhibitory premotor neuron. Green dots in the MVN indicate degree of floccular complex PC innervation. Looped arrows on NPH excitatory premotor neuron (C) express positive feedback through excitatory recurrent network, implementing velocity-position neural integration for gaze-holding. For simplicity, only nuclei and cell types likely to play major roles in the OKR to the clockwise visual stimulation are shown; commissural projections and pathways to the oculomotor nucleus and the medial rectus are omitted. Numbers on lines indicate references anatomically and/or electrophysiologically reporting the projections. Note that references are preferentially selected for mice and the list of references is not comprehensive due to limited space: 1, Dhande et al., 2013; 2, Terasawa et al., 1979; 3, Cazin et al., 1984; 4, Schmidt et al., 1995; 5, Blanks et al., 1983; 6, Schonewille et al., 2006; 7, Shin et al., 2011; 8, Escudero et al., 1992; 9, Lee et al., 2015. LR, lateral rectus; NOT, nucleus of optic tract; DTN, dorsal terminal nucleus; NRTP, nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis; IO, inferior olive; PC, Purkinje cell; NPH, nucleus prepositus hypoglossi; MVN, medial vestibular nucleus.