Table 2.
Distribution of background characteristics of under-five children, by maternal HIV status in Tanzania between 2003 and 2012 (95% confidence limit)
| 2003–2004 (N=2,371) | 2007–2008 (N=4,625) | 2011–2012 (N=5,551) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | HIV+ | HIV− | p | HIV+ | HIV− | p | HIV+ | HIV− | p |
| Place of residence | |||||||||
| Urban | 53 (40.5) | 419 (18.7) | <0.01 | 67 (29.9) | 720 (16.4) | <0.01 | 73 (29.1) | 720 (16.4) | <0.01 |
| Rural | 78 (59.5) | 1,821 (81.3) | 157 (70.1) | 3,681 (83.6) | 178 (70.9) | 3,681 (83.6) | |||
| Education | |||||||||
| No education | 19 (14.5) | 516 (23.0) | <0.01 | 39 (17.4) | 1,192 (27.1) | <0.01 | 40 (15.9) | 1,186 (22.4) | <0.01 |
| Primary | 101 (77.1) | 1,641 (73.3) | 169 (75.5) | 2,758 (62.7) | 190 (75.7) | 3,435 (64.8) | |||
| Secondary/higher | 11 (8.4) | 83 (3.7) | 16 (7.1) | 451 (10.2) | 21 (8.4) | 680 (12.8) | |||
| Maternal age | |||||||||
| 15–24 | 43 (32.8) | 895 (39.9) | 0.1 | 67 (29.9) | 1,313 (29.8) | 0.5 | 53 (21.8) | 1,189 (24.2) | 0.04 |
| 25–34 | 69 (52.7) | 969 (43.3) | 104 (46.4) | 1,908 (43.4) | 133 (54.7) | 2,284 (46.6) | |||
| 35–49 | 19 (14.5) | 376 (16.8) | 53 (23.7) | 1,180 (26.8) | 57 (23.5) | 1,433 (29.2) | |||
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Single | 17 (13) | 194 (8.7) | 0.09 | 14 (6.2) | 211 (4.8) | 0.3 | 18 (7.9) | 211 (4.8) | 0.7 |
| Married | 144 (87) | 2,046 (91.3) | 210 (93.8) | 4,190 (95.2) | 210 (92.1) | 4,190 (95.2) | |||
| Wealth status | |||||||||
| Poor | 41 (31.3) | 1,044 (46.6) | <0.01 | 87 (52.1) | 1,698 (47.1) | 0.4 | 87 (34.7) | 2,214 (41.8) | <0.01 |
| Middle class | 22 (16.8) | 447 (20) | 36 (21.6) | 896 (24.9) | 45 (17.9) | 1,080 (20.4) | |||
| Wealthy | 68 (51.9) | 749 (33.4) | 44 (26.3) | 1,011 (28.0) | 119 (47.4) | 2,007 (37.9) | |||
| Clean watera | |||||||||
| No | 35 (34.7) | 1,108 (54.1) | <0.01 | 82 (39.8) | 1,750 (42.0) | 0.5 | 105 (47.7) | 2,210 (48.0) | 0.9 |
| Yes | 66 (65.3) | 939 (45.9) | 124 (60.2) | 2,420 (58.0) | 115 (52.3) | 2,396 (52.0) | |||
X2p value – Pearson's chi-square test of independence. Statistically significant observation (p<0.05, two-sided).
a
refers to drinking water.