Table 3.

Binomial logistic regression analysis of the association between under-five mortality and exposure to maternal HIV-positive status among Tanzanian children between 2003 and 2012; adjusted odds ratios (aORs) (95% confidence interval)

	2003–2004 (N=2,371)		2007–2008 (N=4,625)		2011–2012 (N=5,552)
Variables	aOR (95% CI)	p	aOR (95% CI)	p	aOR (95% CI)	p
Maternal HIV status
HIV positive	1.5 (1.1–1.9)	<0.01	4.6 (2.7–7.8)	<0.01	2.4 (1.2–4.6)	<0.01
HIV negative	1.0		1.0		1.0
Place of residence
Rural	0.7 (0.5–0.9)	0.04	0.9 (0.5–1.6)	1.0	0.9 (0.5–1.6)	0.4
Urban	1.0		1.0		1.0
Education levela
No education	0.2 (0.1–0.6)	<0.01	0.6 (0.2–1.6)	0.2	1.2 (0.6–2.6)	0.3
Primary education	0.3 (0.1–1.0)	0.1	0.6 (0.2–1.6)	0.2	1.0 (0.5–1.8)	0.9
Marital status
Single	0.8 (0.4–1.6)	0.4	0.6 (0.2–1.6)	0.3	0.6 (0.2–1.8)	0.5
Married	1.0		1.0		1.0
Wealth statusb
Poor	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	0.1	1.6 (1.0–2.5)	0.04	1.1 (0.7–1.9)	0.6
Middle class	0.8 (0.5–1.1)	0.1	1.7 (0.9–2.8)	0.51	2.7 (1.2–5.7)	0.01
Maternal agec
15–24	1.8 (1.3–2.5)	<0.01	0.9 (0.5–1.5)	0.5	0.8 (0.5–1.3)	0.4
35–49	0.6 (0.5–0.8)	<0.01	0.7 (0.5–1.2)	0.8	0.9 (0.5–1.5)	0.7
Parityd
Para 1–3	0.4 (0.2–0.7)	<0.01	1.4 (0.8–2.5)	0.5	1.1 (0.6–2.1)	0.5
Para 4+	0.1 (0.03–0.14)	<0.01	1.4 (0.7–2.9)	0.7	1.3 (0.6–2.7)	0.5
Clean drinking water
No	1.7 (1.3–2.1)	<0.01	1.4 (0.9–2.1)	0.7	0.7 (0.5–1.5)	0.6
Yes	1.0		1.0		1.0

Adjusted for all variables in the table. Reference groups:

^asecondary/higher education

^bwealth,

^cage group 25–34,

^dnulliparous.