Table 1. Selected studies investigating predictors for poor coronary collateral capacity.
| Studies | Year | Population | N | Collateral flow stratification | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hakimzadeh et al. (4) | 2015 | CTO patients undergoing coronary angiography | 41 | Poor CCC: CFI <0.39 Good CCC: CFI >0.39 |
(+) miRNA-126, miRNA-10b, miRNA-30d and miRNA-423-5p in patients with poor CCC |
| Nie et al. (7) | 2014 | CAD patients with ≥95% stenosis in a coronary artery | 120 | Poor CCC: grade 0 and grade 1 Rentrop Good CCC: grade 1 and grade 2 Rentrop |
miR-126 and VEGF levels independently predicted CCC development |
| Ýleri et al. (15) | 2016 | Patients with NSTEMI | 224 | Poor CCC: grade 0 and grade 1 Rentrop Good CCC: grade 1 and grade 2 Rentrop |
DM, WBC, neutrophil counts and NLR independently predicted low CCC; age negatively predicted poor CCC |
| Kalkan et al. (16) | 2014 | Patients with CTO | 274 | Poor CCC: grade 0 and grade 1 Rentrop Good CCC: grade 1 and grade 2 Rentrop |
NLR, hs –CRP, WBC independently predicted poor CCC; |
| Baykan et al. (17) | 2015 | Patients with CTO | 163 | Poor CCC: grade 0 and grade 1 Rentrop Good CCC: grade 1 and grade 2 Rentrop |
(+) AIx, PWV, fasting glucose, creatine, uric acid, neutrophil count and NLR in patients with low CCC |
| Yetkin et al. (18) | 2015 | Patients with at least one coronary stenosis of ≥95% that underwent coronary angiography | 502 (228 with CTO) | Poor CCC: grade 0 and grade 1 Rentrop Good CCC: grade 1 and grade 2 Rentrop |
DM and female gender predicted poor CCC; monocyte count was independent of CCC |
| van der Hoeven et al. (19) | 2013 | Patients with CTO | 295 | Poor CCC: CFI <0.39 Good CCC: CFI >0.39 |
Beta blockers, hypertension and angina pectoris were positively associated with CFI; WBC, prior MI and high DBP were negatively associated with CFI |
| van der Laan et al. (8) | 2012 | Patients with CTO | 50 | Dichotomized according to CFI | (+) mRNA expression of galectin-2 in monocytes of patients with poor CCC; (+) polymorphism rs7291467 CC genotype in patients with poor CCC |
(+), increased. CCC, coronary collateral circulation; CTO, chronic total occlusion; CFI, collateral flow index; CAD, coronary artery disease; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; NSTEMI, non ST-elevation myocardial infarction; WBC, white blood cell; NLR, neutrophil to monocyte ratio; hs-CRP, high sensitivity CRP; AIx, augmentation index; PWV, pulse wave velocity; MI, myocardial infarction; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.