Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis
| First author, Year | Study design | Country enrolment | Sample size | Age in years, Mean (SD) | Female, No (%) | Race; White/Caucasian, No (%) | Dialysis modality | Data collection | Follow-up time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbott,23 2003 | Retrospective | USA | 123 | NR | NR | NR | HD, PD | 1996–2000 | Mean 2.92±1.1 years |
| Chan,24 2009* | Retrospective | USA | 1671 (1492 for PS-matched 1:1) | 72.4 (10.3) | 890 (59.7) | 1206 (80.8) | HD | 2003–2007 | Mean 1.6 years, 2740 patient-years |
| Wizemann,9 2010 | Prospective | International Collaboration | 3245 | ≤65 (30.9%) 66–75 (35.0%) >75 (34.1%) |
NR | NR | HD | DOPPS I; 1996–2001, DOPPS II; 2002–2004 | 4348 patient-years |
| Winkelmayer,25 2011* | Retrospective | USA | 1185 for PS matched 1:4 | 69.4 (11.9) | 1329 (57.5) | 1498 (64.8) | HD, PD | 1994–2006 | 2287patient-years |
| Bonde,26 2014 | Retrospective | Denmark | 1680 | NR | NR | NR | HD, PD | 1997–2010 | NR |
| Shah,27 2014 | Retrospective | Canada | 1626 | 75.2 (8.3) | 634 (39.0) | NR | HD, PD | 1998–2007 | NR |
| Wakasugi,28 2014 | Prospective | Japan | 60 | 68.1 (8.9) | 21 (35.0) | 0 | HD | 2008–2011 | 110 patient-years |
| Chan,29 2015 | Prospective | USA. Columbia, and the Territory of Puerto Rico | 14 607 | 70.2 (10.8) | 5910 (40.5) | 10 902 (74.6) | HD | 2010–2014 | 7260 patient-years |
| Chan,30 2015 | Retrospective | Hong Kong, China | 271 | 70.4 (11.1) | 109 (40.2) | 0 (0.0) | PD | 1997–2011 | 1.5 years |
| Genovesi,31 2015 | Prospective | Italy | 290 | <65 (20.7%) 65–74 (25.9%) ≥75 (53.4%) |
116 (40.0) | NR | HD | 2010–2012 | 2 years |
| Mitsuma,32 2015 | Retrospective | Japan | 82 | 70.7 (9.6) | 23 (28.0) | 0 (0.0) | HD | 2011–2015 | Mean 3.0 years (423 patient; AF and non-AF) |
| Shen,33 2015 | Retrospective | USA | 12 284 (3658 for PS-matched 1:1) | 61.7 (13.4) | 6284 (51.2) | 6082 (49.5) | HD | 2007–2011 | 16 617 patient-years |
| Wang,34 2015 | Retrospective | New Zealand | 141 | 61.2 (11.3) | 54 (38.3) | 53 (37.6) | HD, PD | 2000–2014 | Mean 3.4±2.5 years |
| Yodogawa,35 2015 | Retrospective | Japan | 84 | 70 (10.4) | 25 (29.8) | 0 (0.0) | HD | 2003–2012 | Mean 3.9 years |
| First author, Year | Warfarin use defined as | Warfarin use, No. (%) | Comparison group | Stroke risk stratification | Bleeding risk stratification | Outcomes reported | Total NOS Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbott,23 2003 | Baseline use; day 60 of dialysis | NR | Non-warfarin users (non-specify) | NR | NR | All-cause mortality | 7 |
| Chan,24 2009* | Baseline use; any use in the first 90 days | 746 (44.6) | Non-warfarin users (placebo/clopidogrel/aspirin/clopidogrel+aspirin) | CHADS2 score | NR | All-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, stroke/TE, bleeding events | 8 |
| Wizemann,9 2010 | NR | 509 (15.7) | Non-warfarin users (non-specify) | NR | NR | Stroke/TE | 7 |
| Winkelmayer,25 2011* | Baseline use; prescription within 30 days from index date | 249 (10.8) | Non-warfarin users (non-specify) | NR | NR | All-cause mortality, stroke/TE, bleeding events | 7 |
| Bonde,26 2014 | Baseline use | NR | Non-warfarin users (no antithrombotic) | CHA2DS2-VASc score | Modified HAS-BLED score† | All-cause mortality, cardiovascular death | 8 |
| Shah,27 2014 | Baseline use; prescription within 30 days from index date | 756 (46.5) | Non-warfarin users (non-specify) | CHADS2 score | Modified HAS-BLED score‡ | stroke/TE, bleeding events | 8 |
| Wakasugi,28 2014 | Baseline use | 28 (46.7) | Non-warfarin users (non-specify) | CHADS2 score | NR | All-cause mortality, stroke/TE, bleeding events | 7 |
| Chan,29 2015 | Baseline use | 8064 (55.2) | Non-warfarin users (aspirin/dabigatran/rivaroxaban) | CHADS2 score | Outpatient Bleeding Risk Index | stroke/TE, bleeding events | 9 |
| Chan,30 2015 | Baseline use | 67 (24.7) | Non-warfarin users (placebo/aspirin) | CHA2DS2-VASc score | HAS-BLED score | Stroke/thromboembolism | 7 |
| Genovesi,31 2015 | Baseline use; prescription at recruitment or starting within 2 weeks following recruitment | 156 (53.8) | Non-warfarin users (non-specify) | CHA2DS2-VASc score | Modified HAS-BLED score† | All-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, stroke/TE, bleeding events | 8 |
| Mitsuma,32 2015 | Baseline use | 27 (32.9) | Non-warfarin users (non-specify) | NR | NR | All-cause mortality, cardiovascular death | 7 |
| Shen,33 2015 | Baseline use; prescription within 30 days from index date | 1838 (15.0) | Non-warfarin users (non-specify) | CHADS2 score | Modified HAS-BLED score† | All-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, stroke/TE, bleeding events | 9 |
| Wang,34 2015 | Baseline use | 59 (41.8) | Non-warfarin users (placebo/clopidogrel/aspirin) | CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc score | HAS-BLED score | All-cause mortality, stroke/TE, bleeding events | 7 |
| Yodogawa,35 2015 | Baseline use | 30 (35.7) | Non-warfarin users (non-specify) | CHADS2 score | NR | All-cause mortality, stroke/TE | 7 |
*Data based on propensity score-matched.
†Modified HAS-BLED score for estimating the risk for bleeding (not included the score related to labile INR).
‡Modified HAS-BLED score for estimating the risk for bleeding (not included the score related to labile INR and alcohol intake). AF, atrial fibrillation; HD, haemodialysis; INR, international normalised ratio; NOS, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; NR; not reported; PD, peritoneal dialysis; PS, propensity score; TE, thromboembolism.