Table 2.
Baseline and Post-Training Cognitive and Neural Scores by Group
| VSOP training (n = 10) | MLA control (n = 11) | Group × Time interaction d | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Baseline M (SD) | Post-training M (SD) | Z (p value) c | Baseline M (SD) | Post-training M (SD) | Z (p value) e | F (p value) | Partial η2 | |
| UFOV a | 136.35 (87.42) | 63.96 (22.22) | −2.70 (.007)* | 96.63 (48.67) | 87.65 (59.53) | −1.33 (.18) | 6.61 (.019)* | 0.26 |
| Working memory b | −0.58 (0.71) | 0.11 (0.37) | 2.31 (.021)* | 0.26 (0.68) | −0.06 (0.76) | −.98 (.33) | 7.33 (.014)* | 0.28 |
| Verbal fluency b | 0.55 (0.48) | 0.50 (0.57) | −0.46 (.65) | 0.34 (0.69) | 0.21 (0.70) | −0.18 (.86) | 0.09 (.77) | 0.005 |
| Cognitive control b | 0.21 (0.46) | 0.26 (0.38) | 0.68 (.50) | 0.38 (0.58) | 0.49 (0.68) | 1.26 (.21) | 0.14 (.71) | 0.008 |
| IADL a | 19.80 (6.61) | 14.60 (4.25) | −2.29 (.022)* | 14.25 (4.65) | 15.44 (4.49) | 0.71 (.48) | 5.16 (.035)* | 0.21 |
| CEN a | 0.77 (0.23) | 0.47 (0.17) | −2.37 (.018)* | 0.62 (0.26) | 0.45 (0.17) | −1.46 (.14) | 2.03 (.19) | 0.04 |
| DMN b | 0.70 (0.14) | 0.73 (0.16) | 1.04 (.31) | 0.63 (0.18) | 0.45 (0.18) | −1.83 (.068) | 14.63 (.004)* | 0.62 |
Note.
a
higher is worse;
b
performance, lower is worse;
c
Within-group comparison with Wilcoxon’s test;
d
Between-group comparison with repeated measure general linear model controlled for group and time’s main effects.
*
Significant level remained after false discovery rate adjustment.