Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Population. All values are means with standard deviation unless otherwise indicated.
| Variable (range) | Overall | No delirium N=97 |
Delirium N=45 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 71.2(7.5) | 70.9 (7.8) | 71.8 (7.0) | 0.37 |
| Female, N (%) | 92 (65%) | 64 (66%) | 28 (62%) | 0.71 |
| High school level education, N (%) | 106 (75%) | 78 (81%) | 28 (62%) | 0.02 |
| General anesthesia, N (%) | 60 (38%) | 40 (41%) | 18 (40%) | 0.89 |
| Regional anesthesia, N (%) | 92 (65%) | 65 (67%) | 27 (60%) | 0.42 |
| Hip replacement surgery, N (%) | 41 (29%) | 31 (32%) | 10 (23%) | 0.25 |
| Surgery length, minutes, mean (SD) | 96.2 (27.9) | 95.9 (27.0) | 96.8 (31.2) | 0.87 |
| Peri-operative opiate use, N (%) | 26 (18%) | 18 (19%) | 8 (18%) | 0.92 |
| ADL scale, Median (IQR) (range 0-14) | 1 (0-2) | 1 (0-2) | 1 (0-2) | 0.48 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale, Median (IQR) (range 0-15) |
2 (1-4) | 2. (1-4) | 2 (1-4) | 0.45 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index >0, N (%) | 73 (57%) | 50 (56%) | 23 (59%) | 0.72 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 32.5 (6.5) | 32.8 (6.9) | 31.9 (5.8) | 0.44 |
| Preoperative Pain score at rest (range 0-10) | 4.3 (3.0) | 4.3 (3.0) | 4.2 (3.2) | 0.78 |
| Postoperative Pain at 24 hours (range 0-10) | 8.3 (2.1) | 8.3 (2.1) | 8.5(2.1) | 0.48 |
| MMSE, Median (IQR) (range 0-30) | 29.0 (26.0-30.0) | 29.0 (27.5-30.0) | 27.0 (25.0-29.0) | <0.001 |
| Cognitive reserve proxies | ||||
| AMNART errors (range 0-45) | 21.2 (12.3) | 18.4 (10.9) | 27.0 (13.0) | <0.001 |
| Cognitive activity scale, (range 0-84), | 13.9 (9.7) | 16.5 (9.7) | 8.5 (7.2) | <0.001 |
IQR, Interquartile Range 25-75 percentiles; ADL, Activities of Daily Living; AMNART, American National Adult Reading Test