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. 2016 Mar 22;5(2):224–231. doi: 10.1080/21623945.2016.1148834

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© 2016 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.

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Figure 3. — Wnt inhibition likely targets beige precursor cells to enhance browning (A) Primary adipocytes were treated with a second Wnt signaling inhibitor, XAV939. Shown is the qPCR analysis of marker genes after treatment following scheme 1(A). (B) Experiment schematics of in vitro browning experiment using primary adipocytes. Cells were treated with 100 nM XAV939 for only 2 d starting from Day 0, Day 2 or Day 4 during differentiation. RNA was harvested at Day 6 for qPCR analysis. (C) qPCR analysis of markers genes according to experiment plan 3 (B). (D) qPCR analysis of markers genes according to experiment plan 3(B) using 3T3-L1. Shown is the relative mRNA expression values normalized with housekeeping genes Rpl23. The fold of induction is indicated when the change is significant and relevant. All data are presented as mean ± SEM by Student's t-test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 comparing with control.