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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Sci Nano. 2016 Feb 24;3(2):365–374. doi: 10.1039/C5EN00271K

Figure 5. Intracellular pro-oxidants as detected by dihydroethidium oxidation (DHE).

Figure 5

Cells were incubated with small and large CuO NPs, Cu(NO3)2 and NaNO3 at a dose of 0.12 µM Cu2+ concentration(10 µg/ml CuO NPs) for 1 h (A), 4 h (B), 24 h (C) and 48 h (B). Antimycin A increased the MFI by 3- to 5-fold when compared to the control group (data not shown). MFI represents mean fluorescence intensity which was normalized to the control group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons post-test was performed. *** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05.