Table 1. Baseline characteristics of all communes and those with at least one case of typhoid fever.
| Characteristic | All communes | Typhoid communes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| median | IQR | median | IQR | |
| n = 243 | n = 78 | |||
| Population density/km2 | 105.7 | 53–210 | 119.4 | 60–214 |
| Elevation, m | 17 | 12–28 | 18 | 11–35 |
| Distance to lake, km | 45.3 | 24–63 | 30.0 | 14–49 |
| Average household size | 4.8 | 4.6–5.0 | 5.0 | 4.8–5.1 |
| Percent of population <15 yr | 36.4% | 34–39% | 36.9% | 35–39% |
| Median age of population, yr | 19.5 | 18–21 | 19.4 | 18–20 |
| Adult literacy | 72.8% | 59–82% | 69.3% | 57–77% |
| Female adult literacy | 65.3% | 50–75% | 62.5% | 49–71% |
| Total attending school | 28.6% | 26–31% | 28.0% | 24–31% |
| Female attending school | 26.8% | 24–29% | 26.0% | 23–28% |
| Female education >25 years /1,000 population | ||||
| Primary not completed | 85.6 | 63–101 | 78.5 | 59–101 |
| Primary/Lower secondary | 27.8 | 16–55 | 22.0 | 16–39 |
| Secondary or above | 0.51 | 0.1–1.6 | 0.4 | 0.1–1.4 |
| Toilet, % of households | ||||
| None | 83.1% | 63–92% | 85.2% | 68–92% |
| Sewage | 5.3% | 2–14% | 4.6% | 2–15% |
| Septic tank | 3.9% | 1–16% | 2.8% | 1–11% |
| Pit latrine | 2.0% | 1–5% | 1.2% | 1–5% |
| Drinking water, % of households | ||||
| Piped | 1.5% | 1–4% | 2.1% | 1–4% |
| Tube/pipe well | 10.2% | 3–28% | 23.6% | 8–63% |
| Dug well | 26.9% | 11–56% | 23.6% | 9–63% |
| Spring/river | 23.9% | 4–54% | 4.7% | 1–27% |
| Drinking water location, % of households | ||||
| Within premises | 19.3% | 10–35% | 27.8% | 18–56% |
| Near premises | 31.1% | 22–40% | 28.0% | 21–34% |
| Away premises | 41.8% | 23–56% | 35.0% | 11–52% |
IQR: interquartile range