Table 2. Results found in articles on food and nutrition insecurity and cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence.
| Author/year | Result association | Ethnicities | Prevalence of FNiS | Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weinreb et al., 200213 | Preschoolers: food and nutrition insecurity and worse health status (OR: 2.8), life events (OR: 8.5), family size (OR: 3.2), low birth weight (OR: 1.42). Schoolchildren: food and nutrition insecurity and low birth weight (OR: 1.35), health status (OR: 3.4), life events (OR: 8.8) | Yes | Preschoolers: 59.2% of food and nutrition insecurity | Yes |
| Schoolchildren: 66% | ||||
| Cook et al., 20047 | Food and nutrition insecurity and health status reported as "Fair/poor" (OR=1.90; CI: 1.66-2.18). Food and nutrition insecurity and hospitalizations since birth (OR=1.31; CI: 1.16-1.48). There was no association between food and nutrition insecurity and growth risk variables (OR=1.09; CI: 0.94-1.25) | Yes | 21.4% of households with food and nutrition insecurity | Yes |
| Molcho et al., 200617 | Food and nutrition insecurity and lower consumption of fruits (OR: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.45-0.87), vegetables (OR: 0.68; CI: 0.49-0.87), whole-grain bread (OR: 0.66; CI: 0.42-0.90), higher consumption of potato chips among girls and boys (OR: 1.62; CI: 1.39-1.85 and OR: 1.33; CI: 1.05-1.61 respectively). Food and nutrition insecurity and mental, somatic symptoms (OR: 2.42; CI: 2.06-2.78) and emotional symptoms (CI: 1.47; CI: 1.47-1.23) | No | Low social classes: 15.3% | Yes |
| Middle class: 15.9% | ||||
| High social classes: 14.8% | ||||
| Martin et al., 200715 | There was no association between excess weight and food and nutrition insecurity (OR: 1.41; CI: 0.67-2.99). Insufficient income and obesity (OR: 0.4; CI: 0.18-0.92). Risk of overweight and food and nutrition insecurity (OR: 1.34; CI: 0.53-3.36) | Yes | 51.4% of households in food and nutrition insecurity | Yes |
| Jiménez-Cruz et al., 200716 | Higher food and nutrition insecurity in children of parents of Native ethnicity (68%; p<0.001) | Yes | 46% in 2001 group | No |
| Higher food and nutrition insecurity in children younger than 9 years (71%; p <0.001) | 58% in the 2003 group | |||
| Children without abdominal obesity and higher prevalence of food and nutrition insecurity (78%, p <0.001) | ||||
| Gundersen et al., 20086 | Stress and food and nutrition insecurity at family level (OR: 0.05; CI: -0.27 to 0.37), food and nutrition insecurity and cumulative stress (OR: 0.02; CI: -0.01 to 0.005) | Yes | 44.5% of households with food and nutrition insecurity | Yes |
| Chen et al., 200918 | Food and nutrition insecurity and diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.87), inherited metabolic disorders (OR: 1.94), iron-deficiency anemia (OR: 2.68) and poorly defined symptoms related to nutrition, metabolism and development (OR: 2.02) | No | Food and nutrition insecurity value is not shown, the study associates income to food and nutrition insecurity | Yes |
| Kirkpatrick et al., 201010 | Food and nutrition insecurity and higher chances of having worse health status (OR=1.91; CI: 1.33-2.74) | No | 10-15 years: 3.3% | Yes |
| Food and nutrition insecurity was not associated to diagnosed chronic health conditions ( OR =1.22; CI: 0.75-1.99) | 16-21 years: 3.9% | |||
| Marjerrison et al., 201120 | Food and nutrition insecurity and higher rate of hospitalization (OR, 3.66; CI: 1.54-8.66). Mean concentration of A1c hemoglobin was higher in children with food and nutrition insecurity | No | 21.9% of food and nutrition insecurity | Yes |
| Sharkey et al., 201214 | Food and nutrition insecurity higher total consumption of energy, calcium, calories from added sugars (β=4.8. Standard error=2.2. p=0.032; β=4.4. Standard error=1.9. p=0.028 and β=8.4. Standard error=2.0. p<0.001) | No | 82% of children with food and nutrition insecurity | Yes |
| Body mass index was not associated with food and nutrition insecurity status a |
a
Data not shown.