Table 1.

Quantitative systems pharmacology platform overview..

Intrinsic Characteristics	Impact
Modular integration of fundamental principles from  pharmacology and systems biology	Quantitative, network-centric, mechanistic understanding of biology  underlying disease progression
Iterative use of experimental and computational models	Biomarkers and drug-target interactions mechanistically linked to  disease-specific mechanisms of progression
	Anticipation of resistance mechanisms, drug-drug interactions, and  off-target activity
Integration of data from unbiased, biased, and published  studies	Increased opportunity for repurposing drugs, minimizing toxicity, and  pursuing optimal targets
Integration of data across multiple spatial and temporal  scales	Preclinical models account for heterogeneity, complex cellular  context, and multicellular interactions
Based on patient data	Improved patient stratification and efficiency for demonstrating proof  of concept in appropriately defined patient cohorts in phase II and  III trials
	Continued progress toward personalized v. population medicine