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Perioperative outcomes
| Factors | Without-3D (n = 42) | With-3D (n = 42) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Postoperative complications (≧Clavien grade III) | 3 (7.1 %) | 4 (9.5 %) | 0.350 |
| Operating time (minutes) | 250 ± 55 | 264 ± 60 | 0.216 |
| Intraoperative blood loss (g) | 276 ± 430 | 157 ± 170 | 0.027 |
| Length of postoperative hospital stay (days) | 11 (7–49) | 11 (8–36) | 0.535 |
3D three-dimensional
