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. 2016 Jun 23;10:167. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00167

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Copyright © 2016 Sheen, Chen, Hsu, Tain, Yu and Huang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Latencies of escape to the platform in the Morris water maze (mean ± SEM). Rats in the BDL4W group swam for a longer time while seeking to find the submerged platform on days 1 and 4 of acquisition than did the SHAM group rats. Combined intraperitoneal and intrathecal etanercept shortened the swim latency to a level comparable to the SHAM group on all 4 days of acquisition. However, etanercept IP had no significant effect on swim latency. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to assess the statistical significance of differences among groups, *P < 0.05 vs. SHAM; ^#P < 0.05 vs. BDL4W.