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. 2016 Jun 23;7:95. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00095

Table 1.

Demographic and neuropsychological data for healthy controls and PD patients.

Controls (n = 12)
PD patients (n = 14)
Mean SD Mean SD p
Demographics
Age (years) 61.7 11.8 63.3 9.1 ns
Education (years) 16.0 3.0 13.7 3.4 ns
Female (%) 42 21 ns
Right-handed (%) 92 100 ns
Emotional functioning
AS 7.7 4.1 9.7 8.3 ns
BDI-II 2.7 3.3 11.7 8.2 <0.01
STAI – trait 28.1 6.5 37.5 12.0 <0.05
STAI – state 28.5 6.5 37.9 10.8 <0.05
Cognitive functioning
MMSE 28.7 1.3 29.2 1.1 ns
Dementia Rating Scale 136.4 6.9
Boston Naming Test 56.7 4.1 56.7 2.5 ns
COWA (FAS) 40.0 10.4 37.9 15.8 ns
Semantic fluency (animals) 21.9 4.6 19.3 7.0 ns
Digit span forward (WAIS-III) 7.1 1.3 7.1 1.0 ns
Digit span backward (WAIS-III) 5.3 1.5 5.7 1.5 ns
Trails A (s) 27.7 9.4 47.2 26.3 <0.05
Trails B (s) 68.0 28.0 122.8 57.7 <0.01
Stroop word reading 97.3 11.5 87.2 14.8 ns
Stroop color naming 71.9 15.1 65.9 13.6 ns
Stroop color-word naming 36.8 13.5 33.6 12.1 ns
WCST categories completed 5.7 1.1 3.7 1.8 <0.01
WCST total errors 18.8 16.7 40.9 17.1 <0.01
WCST perseverative responses 10.8 10.1 22.8 10.9 0.01
WCST set failure 0.3 0.7 1.4 0.9 <0.01
Disease characteristics
Duration of symptoms (years) 10.1 2.9
UPDRS motor – On Meds 25.4 13.5
UPDRS motor – Off Meds 34.1 12.4
Levodopa equivalent dose 1179.7 670.9
Antidepressant medications (%) 21

BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition; AS, Apathy Scale; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; COWA, Controlled Auditory Word Association Test; WAIS-III, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third Edition; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale.