Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the studied children.
| Obese children n = 82 | Control group n = 40 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 10.2 ± 2.8 | 10.6 ± 2.7 | 0.45 |
| Male/female | 47/35 | 22/18 | 0.8 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.8 ± 4.6 | 18.7 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
| BMI-SDS | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | <0.001 |
| Duration of obesity | 3.8 ± 3.2 | — | — |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 90 ± 14 | 75 ± 13 | 0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 112 ± 16 | 110 ± 15 | 0.05 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78 ± 12 | 74 ± 8 | 0.058 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 88.4 ± 13.8 | 56.2 ± 12.8 | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 168.9 ± 44.4 | 142.6 ± 38.8 | 0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 118.6 ± 48.9 | 80.9 ± 34.8 | 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 128.9 ± 33.2 | 81.2 ± 26.4 | 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 40.1 ± 9.8 | 50.9 ± 8.8 | 0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 89.4 ± 15 | 81.6 ± 12 | 0.004 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 18.2 ± 10.2 | 8.6 ± 3.8 | <0.001 |
| FGIR | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 8.9 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.06 ± 2.2 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Serum leptin level (ng/mL) | 20.2 ± 6.2 | 5.2 ± 2.4 | <0.001 |
| Boys | 17.9 ± 6.6 | 4.4 ± 3.8 | <0.001 |
| Girls | 24.1 ± 1.9 | 6.9 ± 2.8 | <0.001 |
BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; FGIR = fasting glucose insulin ratio; HDL = high density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR = homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; SDS = standard deviation score.