Figure 3.

Increased Notch activation in both tumor tissues and skeletal muscle of tumor-bearing mice. (a) Semiquantitative PCR showed the gene expression of TNF-α, Hes1, and Klotho in tumor, normal muscle, and atrophic muscle. (b) mRNA levels of TNF-α, Hes1, and Klotho in 3 types of tissues. “∗” in the bar chart indicates P < 0.05 compared to normal muscle. (c) Immunostaining of tumor tissue with antibody to Notch3, showing enrichment of Notch3+ cells in tumor. (d) Immunostaining of muscle tissue with antibody to Notch3 and Pax7, showing increased numbers of Pax7+ cells, Notch3+ cells, and Pax7+/Notch3+ cells in the muscle of tumor-bearing mice. The colocations of Pax7 and DAPI are indicated with arrows in the images. (e) The quantification of Notch3+ cells in muscle of normal mice (control) and mice bearing tumor (tumor). “∗” in the bar chart indicates P < 0.05.