Table 2.
Kinetic disposition of the l‐ and d‐ nebivolol enantiomers in the investigated patients (n = 43) following a single oral dose of 10 mg racemic nebivolol. Data are expressed as geometric mean (coefficient of variation)
| l‐nebivolol | d‐nebivolol | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | Control (n = 22) | CKD (n = 12) | Haemodialysis (n = 10) | Control (n = 22) | CKD (n = 12) | Haemodialysis (n = 10) |
| C max (ng ml –1 ) | 1.31 (47) | 1.98 (47) | 1.38 (39) | 0.69 (45)* | 1.34 (54)* | 0.80 (44)* |
| t max (h) † | 1.01 (0.18–2.10) | 1.04 (0.68–2.80) | 1.15 (0.27–1.54) | 1.03 (0.43–2.14) | 0.98 (0.61–3.34) | 1.13 (0.40–1.86) |
| AUC 0–∞ (ng.h ml –1 ) | 6.83 (39) | 9.94 (44) | 6.41 (35) | 4.15 (41)* | 7.30 (51)* | 4.95 (36)* |
| t½ (h) | 13.79 (35) | 12.43 (35) | 12.87 (27) | 13.19 (47) | 11.57 (30) | 16.10 (31) |
| Vd/F (l kg –1 ) | 100.19 (66) | 59.38 (65) | 113.70 (70) | 157.60 (83)* | 71.95 (64)* | 197.49 (65)* |
| CL/F (l h –1 kg –1 ) | 10.24 (47) | 7.18 (32) | 12.45 (35) | 16.84 (41)* | 9.77 (51)* | 15.86 (33)* |
AUC0–∞, area under the concentration–time curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity; CKD, chronic kidney disease; C max, maximal plasma concentration; CV, coefficient of variation; CL/F, oral clearance; t½, terminal elimination half‐life; t max, time to reach C max; Vd/F, apparent volume of distribution.
*
Paired t‐test, P < 0.05 (l‐nebivolol vs. d‐nebivolol);
†
median (range).