Table 3.

Pharmacokinetic parameter ratios between control (n = 22) and CKD (n = 11) groups and between control and haemodialysis (n = 10) groups following a single oral dose of 10 mg racemic nebivolol. Ratios are expressed as geometric mean

	Control/CKD		Control/Haemodialysis
Parameters	l‐nebivolol	d‐nebivolol	l‐nebivolol	d‐nebivolol
C max (ng ml –1 )	0.66*	0.51*	0.95	0.86
AUC 0–∞ (ng.h ml –1 )	0.69*	0.57*	1.07	0.84
CL/F (l h –1 kg –1 )	1.43*	1.72*	0.82	1.06

AUC_0–∞, area under the concentration–time curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CL/F, oral clearance; C _max, maximal plasma concentration.

^* One‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's post‐test, P < 0.05 (control vs. CKD) and (control vs. haemodialysis).