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. 2015 Dec 23;34(16):1564–1580. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1123284

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© 2015 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.

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Figure 10. — Results of optimisation calculation by using SWUM. (a) Relationship between stroke cycle time (T) and propulsive efficiency; (b) bottom view (left) and side view (right) of swimming motions at maximising propulsive efficiency (T = 1.3 s); and (c) loci of left hand tip for various stroke cycles at maximising swimming velocity while the stroke cycle time (T) varied from 0.8 to 1.3 s (Nakashima et al., 2012).