Table 2.

Summary of CFD simulation for full body in steady-state condition.

Authors	Participants	Object	2D/3D	CFD code	Turbulence model*
Lyttle and Keys (2004)	Flow around gliding swimmer	Full body	3D	Fluent®	N/A
Bixler et al. (2007)	Flow around gliding swimmer	Full body	3D	Fluent®	k–ε
Silva et al. (2008)	Two gliding swimmer in row	Full body	2D	Fluent®	k–ε
Zaïdi et al. (2008)	Gliding swimmer different head positions	Full body	2D	Fluent®	k–ε
Marinho et al. (2009a)	Flow around gliding swimmer	Full body	3D	Fluent®	k–ε
Sato and Hino (2010)	Flow around gliding swimmer near free surface	Full body	3D	SURF	SA
Zaïdi et al. (2010)	Flow around gliding swimmer	Full body	3D	Fluent®	k–ε and k–ω
Marinho et al. (2011)	Flow around gliding swimmer	Full body	2D	Fluent®	k–ε
Popa et al. (2011)	Flow on gliding swimmer with different head positions	Full body	3D	Fluent®	k–ω
Machtsiras (2012)	Flow around gliding swimmer with different head positions, gliding depths and swim suits	Full body	3D	Star-CCM+®	LES

*Turbulence model

k–ε, Standard k–ε; k–ω, standard k–ω; LES, Large-Eddy Simulation.