Table 3.
Summary of CFD simulation for moving body.
| Authors | Participants | Object | 2D/3D | Treatment of motion |
CFD code | Turbulence model* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kawai (1997) | Dolphin kick | Leg and foot | 2D | Cut cell | STREAM® | |
| Sato and Hino (2003, 2010) | Stroke of swimmer | Hand | 3D | Moving grid | SURF | Without |
| Rouboa et al. (2006) | Linear acceleration | Hand and forearm | 3D | Body force | Fluent® | k–ε |
| Lecrivain et al. (2008) | Stroke of upper arm | Body and upper arm | 3D | Dynamic mesh | Fluent® | N/A |
| von Loebbecke et al. (2009b, 2009c) | Dolphin kick | Full body | 3D | IB | VICAR3D | Without |
| Keys (2010) | Dolphin, freestyle and breaststroke kick Freestyle swimming at water surface |
Full body | 3D | Fluent® | Realisable k–ε | |
| von Loebbecke and Mittal (2012) | Stroke of swimmer | Hand and arm | 3D | IB | VICAR3D | Without |
| Cohen et al. (2012) | Dolphin kick | Full body | 3D | SPH | In-house | Without |
| Hochstein et al. (2012) | Dolphin kick | Full body | 3D | OpenFOAM | N/A | |
| Sato and Hino (2013) | Stroke of swimmer | Hand | 3D | Moving grid | SURF | Without |
| Pacholak et al. (2014) | Dolphin kick | Full body | 3D | OpenFOAM | N/A |
*Turbulence model
k–ε: Standard k–ε.