Table 1.
Plants used in the preparation of Traditional Alcoholic Beverage (TABs) in Alta valle del Reno
| Scientific name | Botanical family | Local names | Wild/ Cultivated | Informants mentioning the plant | Citations | Uses (Used parts) | UV | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| general | current | past | effective | potential | |||||||
| Aloysia citriodora Palau | Verbenaceae | Pl: acedrina, cedrina | C | 3 | 3 | Liq (Lv) | 0.048 | 0.032 | 0.016 | 0.032 | 0.016 |
| Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze | Theaceae | Pl: té | A | 2 | 2 | Liq (Lv) | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 0.000 |
| Castanea sativa Miller | Fagaceae | Fr: castagne | W | 1 | 1 | Dist (Fr) | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.016 |
| Cinnamomum verum J. Presl | Lauraceae | Pl: cannella | A | 6 | 8 | Liq (Bk) Arom (Bk) | 0.127 | 0.111 | 0.016 | 0.127 | 0.000 |
| Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. | Rutaceae | Pl: Fr: limone | C | 11 | 13 | Liq (Fr Lv) Arom (Fr) | 0.206 | 0.159 | 0.048 | 0.206 | 0.016 |
| Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck | Rutaceae | Pl: Fr: arancio | C | 1 | 1 | Arom (Fr) | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.000 |
| Coffea arabica L. | Rubiaceae | Pl: caffé | A | 1 | 1 | Liq (Fr) | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.000 |
| Cornus mas L. | Cornaceae | Fr: corniole | W | 10 | 10 | Liq (Fr) Arom (Fr) | 0.159 | 0.079 | 0.079 | 0.127 | 0.032 |
| Fragaria vesca L. | Rosaceae | Fr: fragole | W | 3 | 3 | Ferm (Fr) | 0.048 | 0.000 | 0.048 | 0.048 | 0.000 |
| Gentiana cfr. asclepiadea L. | Gentianaceae | Pl: genziana | W | 3 | 3 | Liq (Uo) Arom (Uo) | 0.048 | 0.032 | 0.016 | 0.032 | 0.016 |
| Gentianopsis ciliata (L.) Ma. (cfr.) | Gentianaceae | Pl: genzianella | W | 2 | 2 | Liq (Uo) Arom (Uo) | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 0.000 |
| Juglans regia L. | Juglandaceae | Pl: Fr: noce | W | 23 | 24 | Liq (Fr) Arom (Fr) | 0.381 | 0.254 | 0.127 | 0.254 | 0.127 |
| Juniperus communis L. | Cupressaceae | Pl: zinepro, ginepro | W | 6 | 7 | Dist (Fr) Liq (Fr) | 0.111 | 0.063 | 0.048 | 0.063 | 0.048 |
| Laurus nobilis L. | Lauraceae | Pl: alloro | W | 2 | 2 | Liq (Lv) | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 0.000 |
| Malus domestica Borkh. | Rosaceae | Fr: mele, mele antiche | C | 2 | 2 | Liq (Se) Arom (Fr) | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 0.000 |
| Malus sylvestris Miller | Rosaceae | Fr: mele selvatiche | W | 1 | 1 | Liq (Se) | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.000 |
| Matricaria chamomilla L. | Compositae | Pl: Camomilla | W | 1 | 1 | Liq (Fl) | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.000 |
| Mentha spicata L. (s.l.) | Lamiaceae | Pl: menta selvatica | W | 2 | 2 | Liq (Lv) | 0.032 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.016 |
| Ocimum basilicum L. | Lamiaceae | Pl: basilico | C | 5 | 5 | Liq (Lv) | 0.079 | 0.079 | 0.000 | 0.079 | 0.000 |
| Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold (s.l.) | Pinaceae | Pl: pino | C | 1 | 1 | Liq (Bd) | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.000 |
| Prunus avium L. | Rosaceae | Fr: ciliegie, duroni, ciliegie innestate | W | 4 | 4 | Ferm (Fr) Liq (Fr) | 0.063 | 0.048 | 0.016 | 0.047 | 0.016 |
| Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. | Rosaceae | Fr: prugne selvatiche | W | 1 | 1 | Dist (Fr) | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.000 |
| Prunus cerasus L. | Rosaceae | Fr: amarene, marasche selvatiche, ciliegie amarene, ciliegie selvatiche | W | 22 | 28 | Ferm (Fr) Liq (Fr Lv Se) Arom (Lv) | 0.444 | 0.238 | 0.206 | 0.413 | 0.031 |
| Prunus domestica L. | Rosaceae | Fr: prugne | C | 2 | 2 | Dist (Fr) Ferm (Fr) | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 0.000 |
| Prunus laurocerasus L. | Rosaceae | Pl: lauro | C | 3 | 3 | Liq (Fr) | 0.048 | 0.016 | 0.032 | 0.016 | 0.032 |
| Prunus persica (L.) Batsch | Rosaceae | Fr: pesca | C | 1 | 1 | Liq (Se) | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.000 |
| Prunus spinosa L. | Rosaceae | Pl: spino selvatico, spino nero, prugnolo, spini, Fr: strozzaprete, strozzigo | W | 13 | 14 | Dist (Fr) Liq (Fr) Arom (Fr) | 0.222 | 0.079 | 0.143 | 0.111 | 0.111 |
| Pyrus communis L. | Rosaceae | Fr: pere snace, pere cestello, pere volpine | C | 4 | 4 | Ferm (Fr) | 0.063 | 0.000 | 0.063 | 0.063 | 0.000 |
| Pyrus pyraster Burgsd. | Rosaceae | Fr:pere selvatiche | W | 3 | 3 | Ferm (Fr) | 0.048 | 0.000 | 0.048 | 0.048 | 0.000 |
| Robinia pseudoacacia L. | Leguminosae | Pl: acacia | W | 1 | 1 | Ferm (Fl) | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.000 |
| Rosa canina L. (s. l.) | Rosaceae | Pl: rosa canina Fr: peterlenga | W | 3 | 3 | Liq (Fl Fr) | 0.048 | 0.000 | 0.048 | 0.048 | 0.000 |
| Rosa cv. | Rosaceae | Pl: rosa antica | C | 2 | 2 | Liq (Fl Lv) | 0.032 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.000 |
| Rosmarinus officinalis L. | Lamiaceae | Pl: rosmarino | W | 2 | 2 | Liq (Ap) | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 0.000 |
| Rubus hirtus W. et K. | Rosaceae | Pl: rovo | W | 1 | 1 | Ferm (Fr) | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.000 |
| Rubus idaeus L. | Rosaceae | Pl: Fr: lampone, lampone selvatico | W | 15 | 17 | Ferm (Fr) Liq (Fr) | 0.270 | 0.048 | 0.222 | 0.222 | 0.048 |
| Rubus ulmifolius Schott | Rosaceae | Pl: rovo di bosco, raggie Fr: more, more selvatiche, | W | 6 | 6 | Ferm (Fr) Liq (Fr) | 0.095 | 0.032 | 0.063 | 0.095 | 0.000 |
| Rubus cv. | Rosaceae | Fr: more domestiche | C | 1 | 1 | Ferm (Fr) | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.000 |
| Ruta graveolens L. | Rutaceae | Pl: ruta | W | 1 | 1 | Liq (Ap) | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.000 |
| Salvia officinalis L. | Lamiaceae | Pl: salvia | C | 3 | 3 | Liq (Lv) | 0.048 | 0.048 | 0.000 | 0.048 | 0.000 |
| Sambucus ebulus L. | Adoxaceae | Pl: Fr: ebbi, ebbiacci | W | 1 | 1 | Dist (Fr) | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.016 |
| Sambucus nigra L. | Adoxaceae | Pl: sambuco | W | 4 | 4 | Ferm (Fr) Liq (Fr) | 0.063 | 0.016 | 0.048 | 0.063 | 0.000 |
| Sorbus domestica L. | Rosaceae | Fr: sorbole | W | 2 | 2 | Ferm (Fr) | 0.032 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.000 |
| Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr.& L.M.Perry | Myrtaceae | Pl: chiodi di garofano | A | 8 | 10 | Liq (Fl) Arom (Fl) | 0.159 | 0.127 | 0.000 | 0.159 | 0.000 |
| Vaccinium myrtillus L. | Ericaceae | Pl: Fr: mirtilli | W | 11 | 12 | Ferm (Fr) Liq (Fr) | 0.190 | 0.079 | 0.111 | 0.175 | 0.015 |
| Vanilla planifolia Andrews | Orchidaceae | Pl: vaniglia | A | 2 | 2 | Liq (Fr) | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 0.000 |
| Vitis labrusca L. | Vitaceae | Fr: uva fragola | W | 2 | 2 | Liq (Fr) | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 0.000 |
Plant parts - Ap: whole aerial part; Bd: buds; Bk: bark; Fl: flowers/inflorescences; Fr: fruit; Lv: leaves; Pl: plant; Uo: underground organs; Se: seeds. Wild/Cultivated (in Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna) - A: absent; C: cultivated; W: wild (also including plants occurring both as wild and cultivated). Preparations - Arom: aromatized wines; Dist: distillates; Ferm: fermented beverages; Liq: liquors