Table 4.

Decomposition of inequality in level of healthcare utilization

	Elasticities		Concentration indices		Contributions to overall CI
	2004	2011	2004	2011	2004	2011	Change
Income variable					−0.017	−0.022	−0.005
Ln annual housheold income per capita	−0.325	−0.33	0.053	0.066	−0.017	−0.022	−0.005
Demand variables					−0.012	−0.013	−0.001
Chronic sickness or disability	0.147a	0.168c	−0.06	−0.082	−0.009	−0.014	−0.005
Acute sickness past 30 days	0.092	−0.011	−0.032	−0.051	−0.003	0.001	0.004
Other variables					0.077	0.117	0.04
Gender (women versus men)	−0.071	0.012	0.031	−0.007	−0.002	−0.000	0.002
Age	1.153	0.288	−0.018	−0.023	−0.021	−0.007	0.015
Age square	−0.758	−0.412	−0.044	−0.042	0.033	0.017	−0.016
Urban versus rural	0.063b	−0.015	0.264	0.311	0.017	−0.005	−0.021
Marital status					0.005	0.002	−0.003
Single, never married	−0.012	0.014	−0.189	−0.021	0.002	−0.000	−0.003
Married	0.088	0.149	0.026	0.013	0.002	0.002	−0.000
Educational level					0.034	0.018	−0.016
No school or incomplete primary	−0.600b	−0.054b	−0.098	−0.248	0.059	0.013	−0.045
Primary	−0.219a	−0.116c	0.003	−0.056	−0.001	0.007	0.007
Junior secondary	−0.085	−0.063a	0.287	0.034	−0.024	−0.002	0.022
Employment					−0.004	0.027	0.031
Agricultural work	−0.392c	−0.137c	−0.001	−0.193	0.000	0.026	0.026
Odd work	−0.026	−0.024b	0.061	−0.055	−0.002	0.001	0.003
Retired	0.017	−0.022	−0.147	0.077	−0.002	−0.002	0.001
Not in labor force	0.015	−0.012	−0.033	−0.085	−0.000	0.001	0.002
Insurance type					0.016	0.064	0.047
Insurance from work unit (2004)/Public or urban workers insurance (2011)	0.076c	0.081c	0.193	0.643	0.015	0.052	0.037
Social insurance (2004)/Urban residents insurance (2011)	0.000	0.032c	0.803	0.168	0.000	0.005	0.005
Other insurance	0.009	0.034c	0.457	0.187	0.004	0.006	0.002
No insurance	1.370c	0.015b	−0.002	0.014	−0.002	0.000	0.003
Residual term					0.017	−0.012	−0.029

^aSignificance at the 10 % level

^bIdem., 5 %

^cIdem., 1 %

The base categories for explanatory variables are divorced/separated, senior secondary or higher education, non-agricultural work, Insurance from village/new rural cooperative