Table 2.

Performance comparison for biological hexanoic acid production

Substrate	Inoculum	Time (Day)	Maximum hexanoic acid (g L−1)	Productivity (g L−1H)	References
Fructose, acetate, butyrate	Megasphaera sp. MH (pure culture)	1	9.7	0.41	This study
Galactitol, acetate, butyrate	Clostridium sp. BS-1 (pure culture)	3–16a	6.96–32.0a	0.28–0.34	Jeon et al. [28]
Glucose	Megasphaera elsdenii ATCC 25940 (pure culture)	5–8.3a	2.6–11.4a	0.03–0.13	Roddick and Britz [29]
Ethanol, acetate	C. kluyveri 3231B (pure culture)	3	12.8	0.175	Weimer and Stevenson [6]
Lactate	Mature pit mud, enriched Clostridium cluster IV	5–16a	12.93–23.93a	0.06–0.108a	Zhu et al. [30]
Acetate, butyrate, ethanol	Mixed culture	500	0.9	0.0375	Agler et al. [31]

^a Fed batch or product removal during fermentation