Timeline of EoE research. EoE has been studied over the last 20 years, with the majority of findings occurring within the last decade. These findings have advanced clinical and mechanistic insights into disease epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Abbreviations: CAPN14, calpain 14; EoE, eosinophilic esophagitis; IL, interleukin; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin; miRNAs, microRNAs; PPI-REE, proton-pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia.