Table 2.
Difference between the outlets that stocked oral AMT and those that stocked other anti-malarial—bivariate and multivariate correlates
| Outlet characteristics | Outlets that stocked oral AMT | OR | 95 % CI | p-value | AOR | 95 % CI | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (N = 477) | Yes (N = 96) | |||||||||
| Count | Percent | Count | Percent | |||||||
| Location | ||||||||||
| Rural | 346 | 89.2 | 42 | 10.8 | ||||||
| Urban | 131 | 70.8 | 54 | 29.2 | 3.40 | 2.17−5.35 | 0.000 | 1.50 | 0.74−3.06 | 0.260 |
| Outlet type | ||||||||||
| Private facility | 36 | 66.7 | 18 | 33.3 | ||||||
| Pharmacy | 85 | 68.0 | 40 | 32.0 | 0.94 | 0.48−1.88 | 0.861 | 0.40 | 0.14−1.1 | 0.076 |
| Itinerant drug vendor | 54 | 87.1 | 8 | 12.9 | 0.30 | 0.11−0.73 | 0.011 | 0.16 | 0.04−0.6 | 0.008 |
| Retailer | 144 | 90.0 | 16 | 10.0 | 0.22 | 0.10−0.48 | 0.000 | 0.20 | 0.05−0.77 | 0.020 |
| Health worker | 158 | 91.9 | 14 | 8.1 | 0.18 | 0.08−0.39 | 0.000 | 0.18 | 0.05−0.59 | 0.005 |
| License to sell drugs | ||||||||||
| Yes | 120 | 71.0 | 49 | 29.0 | 3.10 | 1.98−4.88 | 0.000 | 1.58 | 0.74−3.43 | 0.240 |
| Providers’ characteristics | ||||||||||
| Education | ||||||||||
| Low-mid | 111 | 91.0 | 11 | 9.0 | ||||||
| High | 173 | 85.2 | 30 | 14.8 | 1.75 | 0.87−3.78 | 0.133 | 1.28 | 0.53−3.21 | 0.589 |
| Graduate | 193 | 77.8 | 55 | 22.2 | 2.88 | 1.50−6.00 | 0.003 | 0.96 | 0.36−2.58 | 0.928 |
| Health-related qualification | ||||||||||
| Yes | 265 | 82.0 | 58 | 18.0 | 1.22 | 0.78−1.92 | 0.381 | 3.12 | 1.45−6.86 | 0.004 |
| External support | ||||||||||
| Had someone from PSI ever visited | ||||||||||
| Yes | 341 | 86.3 | 54 | 13.7 | 0.51 | 0.33−0.81 | 0.004 | 0.72 | 0.4−1.3 | 0.273 |
| Attended any trainings or workshops about malaria diagnosis | ||||||||||
| Yes | 110 | 91.7 | 10 | 8.3 | 0.39 | 0.18−0.74 | 0.007 | 0.78 | 0.18−3.35 | 0.733 |
| Attended any trainings or workshops about malaria treatment | ||||||||||
| Yes | 121 | 91.7 | 11 | 8.3 | 0.38 | 0.19−0.71 | 0.004 | 1.41 | 0.31−6.09 | 0.651 |
| Heard or seen any message about malaria | ||||||||||
| Yes | 174 | 84.5 | 32 | 15.5 | 0.87 | 0.54−1.37 | 0.558 | 0.90 | 0.5−1.6 | 0.726 |
| Providers’ knowledge | ||||||||||
| Knew the most effective treatment for uncomplicated malaria | ||||||||||
| Right | 219 | 91.2 | 21 | 8.8 | 0.33 | 0.19−0.54 | 0.000 | 0.67 | 0.24−1.95 | 0.457 |
| Knew the first line anti-malarial recommended by government | ||||||||||
| Right | 122 | 93.1 | 9 | 6.9 | 0.30 | 0.14−0.59 | 0.001 | 0.49 | 0.19−1.16 | 0.116 |
| Knew that some anti-malarials are banned in Myanmar | ||||||||||
| Yes | 60 | 87.0 | 9 | 13.0 | 0.72 | 0.32−1.44 | 0.381 | 0.72 | 0.29−1.7 | 0.475 |
| Knew the meaning of Padonma logo (QAACT) | ||||||||||
| Correct answer | 49 | 92.5 | 4 | 7.5 | 0.38 | 0.11−0.96 | 0.069 | 0.45 | 0.12−1.38 | 0.194 |
| Providers’ practice | ||||||||||
| Treated Pf and Pv differently | ||||||||||
| Yes | 206 | 88.0 | 28 | 12.0 | 0.54 | 0.33−0.86 | 0.012 | 0.59 | 0.28−1.2 | 0.148 |
| Most recommended treatment for malaria | ||||||||||
| Right | 237 | 90.1 | 26 | 9.9 | 0.38 | 0.23−0.60 | 0.000 | 0.66 | 0.24−1.76 | 0.422 |
| Decide which anti-malarial medicines customers receive | ||||||||||
| Yes | 327 | 86.1 | 53 | 13.9 | 0.57 | 0.36−0.89 | 0.012 | 1.12 | 0.52−2.39 | 0.772 |
| Cut blister packs or sell partial courses | ||||||||||
| Yes | 60 | 59.4 | 41 | 40.6 | 5.18 | 3.18−8.44 | 0.000 | 5.17 | 2.63−10.41 | 0.000 |
| Provided cocktails | ||||||||||
| Yes | 122 | 78.7 | 33 | 21.3 | 1.52 | 0.95−2.42 | 0.078 | 0.81 | 0.38−1.68 | 0.584 |
| Stock decision made by consumer demand | ||||||||||
| Yes | 86 | 67.2 | 42 | 32.8 | 3.54 | 2.21−5.63 | 0.000 | 3.06 | 1.6−5.92 | 0.001 |
| Stock decision made by easily available | ||||||||||
| Yes | 60 | 89.6 | 7 | 10.4 | 0.55 | 0.22−1.16 | 0.147 | 0.87 | 0.31−2.21 | 0.777 |
| Stock decision made by more effective | ||||||||||
| Yes | 202 | 81.1 | 47 | 18.9 | 1.31 | 0.84−2.03 | 0.234 | 1.62 | 0.88−3 | 0.124 |