Table 2.

Lipid production by R. toruloides using lignocellulosic sugar mixture as the carbon source in batch, DO-stat fed-batch (DO-FB), pulse fed-batch (Pulse-FB), and online sugar monitoring fed-batch (Online-FB) cultures

Culture mode	Lipid content (%) (w/w)	Lipid yield (g/g)	Lipid productivitya (g/L/h)
Batch	58.67 ± 2.28	0.19 ± 0.01	0.28 ± 0.01
DO-FB	59.81 ± 2.09	0.23 ± 0.01	0.33 ± 0.01
Pulse-FB	61.54 ± 2.87	0.24 ± 0.02	0.35 ± 0.01
Online-FB	58.76 ± 1.13	0.29 ± 0.01	0.40 ± 0.01

^aLipid productivity was calculated at 72 h when most of the sugars were consumed for lipid production